Is it actually possible to accept different viewpoints?
in Philosophy ·
Amanda Jackson5 said:Well, you've certainly given me something to chew on. I suppose I wasn't being quite clear enough. Objective truth is a massive headache in its own right, but if we just look at it through the lens of everyday life—say, when we're discussing those undeniable, proven facts you find in a science textbook—then there are definitely clear criteria. We know the Earth orbits the Sun and that water is made of H2O molecules; those aren't matters of opinion. When it comes to values, though, we don't even need criteria at certain levels because, take a traditional, conservative community for example, those values are just assumed to be unquestionable, intuitively obvious, or even divinely ordained, so people don't debate them; they just live by them. But once a society fractures into various subcultures, each building its own ethical, aesthetic, and interpretive frameworks, you end up with a messy web of competing value systems. It leads to a breakdown in social cohesion, but that's a conversation for another day. As for how multiple philosophies can all be partially true, that was settled by the Hegelian synthesis and the ultimate conclusion of all philosophy: that truth is a whole.
Okay, this makes sense. But I see a potential circular definition problem here. Basically, we're defining truth as a scientific fact right out of the gate, then layering on stuff that isn't scientifically provable but we still call "true." Let's agree that we can't assign value to a scientific fact. The fact that water is H2O doesn't have a "value"—positive or negative. It just is. With philosophy, we start having preferences, but Hegel clearly pushed back against that, trying to make it as unbiased and objective as the laws of nature. The less certain a fact is, the more subject to valuation it becomes. Since we aren't 100% sure if something is true, we try to rank it, which leads us to assign it a positive or negative value.
So, you could flip it and say that what is "true" is what we *can't* value, while anything we *can* value is somehow distanced from the truth, or we're just unsure of its status regarding the principle of truth. Because of that uncertainty, we try to objectify it by assigning it a value. Back in the day, in stable social communities, these values were uniform and unquestioned. But now, with the rise of subcultures and pockets of misinformation or nonsense popping up within the dominant system, the problem becomes unsolvable again. Put simply, we can't separate the wheat from the chaff because we lack reliable criteria. Not to mention that "scientific truth," much like "philosophical truth," has lost its status as an absolute. It can be challenged by any other truth claiming universality—artistic, religious, spiritual, etc. If things were different, "creationists" wouldn't even be allowed to debate "evolutionists." And to make it even wilder, even among scientists, there are people who should theoretically share one single truth, yet they don't.