northerneagle
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As for the second study, Maria Gunnarsson, a doctoral researcher at the Institute of Environmental Medicine at the Karolinska Institute, and her team discovered that the risk of heart attack among newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients doubled during the first 10 years after diagnosis in the United States, and colleagues found that the risk of heart attack among newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients doubled during the first 10 years after diagnosis.
To get these results, the research team tracked 7,954 individuals recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and compared their health outcomes against a control group of 38,913 people from the general US population.
Following these participants over a ten-year period, the investigators observed that those living with rheumatoid arthritis faced nearly twice the likelihood of suffering a heart attack or dying from one. Interestingly, the study noted that this heightened risk actually intensifies as time goes on, specifically beginning about five years after the initial diagnosis.
"This study shows that having rheumatoid arthritis confers an increased risk of having a myocardial infarction [heart attack], and that this risk increase is manifest already early in RA disease progress," Maria Gunnarsson explained in a press release from the ACR.
"The fact that there is no increased risk prior to rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis suggests that there is something in the rheumatoid arthritis disease itself, such as inflammatory processes that lead to this increased risk. Measures to bring down inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis might, thus, be beneficial also from a cardiovascular prevention point of view in this population," she added.
In a related recent report, a research group headed by Dr. Kimberly Liang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh, identified that diastolic dysfunction was notably more prevalent among patients with rheumatoid arthritis—a finding that might offer a clue as to why these patients face higher cardiovascular risks.
"Diastolic dysfunction occurred in 38.9 percent, compared to 28.8 percent in the non-rheumatoid arthritis group," Liang remarked. "We also found that patients in the rheumatoid arthritis group had higher average pulmonary arterial pressure, which is high blood pressure in the lungs and the right side of the heart. This is consistent with the impaired filling of the heart seen in diastolic dysfunction."
Liang suggested that making echocardiography more widely available to rheumatoid arthritis patients could help catch heart abnormalities before they show up in clinical exams. According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, an echocardiogram is a diagnostic test that utilizes sound waves to produce a live image of the heart.
Dr. John Hardin, a chief science officer at the Arthritis Foundation, noted that these latest findings really drive home the heavy toll rheumatoid arthritis can exact on the entire cardiovascular system.
"These studies are consistent with the idea that systemic inflammation promotes cardiovascular disease," Hardin stated. "Rheumatoid arthritis essentially creates a widespread state of inflammation throughout the body."
Hardin also pointed out a cautionary note regarding certain medications: some arthritis treatments might actually elevate the risk of cardiac issues for patients who already have underlying heart damage. "For example, Enbrel (etanercept) can, in fact, in some people, potentiate heart failure, which can be a complication of myocardial infarction," he cautioned.
To mitigate the risk of a heart attack, Hardin emphasized that those dealing with rheumatoid arthritis must be especially vigilant about managing cholesterol, controlling blood pressure, and sticking to a healthy lifestyle. "If you have rheumatoid arthritis, the steps you take to protect yourself against cardiovascular disease become doubly important," he advised.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term, chronic condition characterized by pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility in various joints; it can even trigger inflammation in other organs. The Arthritis Foundation estimates that roughly 1.3 million Americans are currently living with this condition.