Jose Ortiz2
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joined Jul 2014
Confused Head | Scientists explain travel sickness: here’s how we trick our brains into thinking we’re poisoned
Traveling makes us nauseous because modern transport tricks the brain into thinking we've been poisoned, according to neuroscientists.
Whether you're in a car, a train, on a boat, or in a plane, you're sending conflicting signals to your brain. This triggers a reaction similar to what happens when someone is poisoned. Dr. Dean Burnett from the University of Cardiff says that nausea kicks in because the brain thinks the body needs to purge toxins by vomiting.
The reality is that your muscles are sending one message to the brain (that the body isn't moving), while your ears are sending another (they feel the movement of the vehicle). Dr. Burnett noted that the human body hasn't evolved enough to handle the sensation of traveling where the body moves without producing its own physical movements.
"When we're in a vehicle like a car, a train, or especially a boat, we aren't actually physically moving ourselves. Your muscles tell you that you're stationary. If you're on a boat looking at a static environment, even your eyes aren't getting information that you're moving. However, the fluid in your ear follows the laws of physics, and it shifts around because you are actually moving. So, the brain receives contradictory messages. It gets signals from the muscles and eyes saying everything is still, but the balance sensors are sending opposite info. In an evolutionary context, the only thing that causes such sensory mismatch is a neurotoxin or poison. That's why the brain thinks it's poisoned, and the first thing it tries to do is get rid of the toxin—by throwing up."
He explained that reading in a car makes the nausea way worse because your eyes are focused on a tiny, static space and aren't sending any signal of movement to the brain at all.
According to this logic, you can lessen the nausea by looking out the window, since that actually shows the brain that you're in motion.
Discussing his new book, 'Brain Idiot: What Your Head Is Actually Doing,' Burnett told the New York Daily News that the brain eventually adapts over the years and gets better at recognizing these subtle signals. Kids are much more prone to motion sickness because their brains are still developing.
There still isn't a definitive answer as to why some people suffer from travel sickness while others don't, but there are plenty of unanswered questions regarding how modern life affects the brain. For instance, jet lag is also a brain reaction to disorientation caused by crossing time zones and shifting day/night cycles.