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Posts by Gerald Perez5

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George Orwell's 1984 in Philosophy ·
The opening post is fine. It possesses a certain philosophical soul—even if it feels a bit out of step with the present moment, the current debaters, and the general vibe of this forum...
As soon as you post something that doesn't reek of total uniformity, you run into all sorts of offended types like Bradley Taylor24. And Bradley Taylor24 isn't an outlier: having a Black basketball player as an avatar is considered "in," yet labeling someone a troll is also apparently very "in"...
1984 was a good year for birth. It’s the year of Terminator—which is telling; it’s as if one could already sense people becoming impotent. Even back then, they were invoking a future savior who would arrive to save the day (and fertilize a lovely Linda Hamilton). Seriously, among so many heroes, so many grown men, couldn't a single one step up for Linda? Did we really have to summon him from the future?
Indiana Jones is still digging through antiquities. It's just another version of impotence: a fixation on things long past, on "that life which has aged and can no longer be made young again." Moreover, in 1984, Indiana projects his life toward the exotic, toward the Far East—to India!? How decadent, how otherworldly. Instead of indulging in Indian mysticism and searching for "a little poison to lull us to sleep," perhaps we should deal with the prosaic "here and now"?
And what did our children look like in 1984? Bleak. Teenagers were living through nightmares, summoning razor-wielding monsters in their dreams to hunt them down. For them, the only excitement left was found in those dreams. Reality was clearly just gray.
Or perhaps they turned their pets into monsters. Monsters that multiply rapidly and threaten to tear the entire social fabric apart.

Looking back from today, 1984 shows the early signs of universal decay. But for Joe, that seems far more enticing than the fleeting nature of "exiting a third marriage"...
Inland Empire by David Lynch in Movies ·
Regarding this whole debate about Lynch—and whether we can interpret works where even the creator admits things aren't entirely clear to him—the answer is quite simple: of course we can! It isn’t a requirement for the author to have a crystal-clear grasp of what their work represents. In fact, no one holds the absolute truth, not even the creator themselves, so there is certainly no single "master key" for decoding anything. Moreover, sometimes an author might even mislead themselves—thinking they are conveying one thing while everyone else sees something entirely different unfolding on screen. To put it briefly, certainty is a myth; just because someone asserts, interprets, or claims something is true doesn't make it so. The only real commonality among all works of art is that they are expressed through pre-existing patterns—namely, the human spirit and such. Because of this, anyone can interpret a work, perhaps even to the point where they clarify the actual meaning to the author himself... naturally, even then, there is no guarantee that this interpretation is the ultimate reality, but in the absence of a better explanation, we settle for it temporarily... until someone else comes along, dismantles the old reading, and offers a new, superior one... and waits for the next person to tear that one down too. That is the beauty of dialectics.

So, yes, it is entirely possible to provide a rational explanation for Lynchian films, regardless of what Lynch himself might have intended.
Fellini for Beginners in Movies ·
Joseph Lee3 said:It just hit me... In this case, Marcello is really just a conduit for the concepts and the sheer execution of La Dolce Vita; he isn't nearly as central to the soul of the thing as one might think, at least not to me. The movie probably feels unsettling because of its frantic, modernist style of storytelling. The whole point was to capture America during a period of massive economic growth clashing with a simultaneous moral decline. Everything feels rushed, ruthless, compressed, and superficial—which is perfectly reflected in all that heavy intellectual rambling from the "elite." Fellini comes across as much more pessimistic here than in his earlier work. The protagonist is essentially just a vessel for the director's need to channel those specific feelings about the state of the country back then into cinema. There isn't some deep, hidden philosophy at play here...

That rushed, shallow, elemental, and confusing quality is exactly what defines Fellini. Every single character—every single one—bursts into the camera with something to say, and it all merges into this bizarre cacophony... all accompanied by that circus orchestra and that irritating music. I can't say I particularly enjoy that obsession of his.

So, I don't really think the point is to "depict America amidst intense economic growth and a simultaneous collapse of (moral) values." At least, that’s not what I gathered just from watching the movie.

To me, it feels more like a film about reflections on life—not some polished philosophical treatise, mind you. There isn't a rigid system designed to deliver a specific point; instead, it's just comments, musings, fears, and hopes...
It serves as both critique and self-critique, laced with self-irony—a bit of a mockery of oneself, because everything you attempt to present as an ultimate, final truth tends to twist into farce or emptiness. It is with this dual, ambivalent feeling that Fellini is driven, especially in this film: he wants to capture the Final film, the definitive work that would 'open people's eyes,' while simultaneously knowing full well that it’s an illusion, a trick, a wandering of the mind. That’s why that critic keeps constantly 'intellectualizing' and 'analyzing' meanings and symbols using empty phrases and platitudes.

If we look at 8 1/2 as an autobiographical film, I’d link it more to the core of Fanny and Alexander—as a mirror—rather than to Wild Strawberry. But, one always sees the distinction between the playful, Mediterranean Fellini and the cold, Northern Bergmanesque style. So, Fellini never quite reaches that level of pessimism expressed by Joseph Lee3: when Bergman depicts a bishop and the repression of a boy, it feels agonizing, heavy, even psychopathic; with Fellini, that same thing is flipped into satire, into a carnival, onto a sunny beach where a heavy-set woman dances...

Well, you could also connect the film to Antonioni's La Notte, or perhaps, viewed as self-irony regarding the excessive adoration of the public—with Bergman's All Those Women. That’s my favorite way to look at it. When the masses elevate you to the status of a deity, expecting signs and miracles, people looking for the Maestro to tell them what, how, and where—for the Teacher to show them the way... Mastroianni would probably drive all those intruders, those various sycophants and irritating parasites, straight into the gutter. On the other hand, that constant pressure tightens the noose, forcing the Maestro to seek an exit through regression into infantilism, hiding under a mother's skirt and turning into a classic Oedipus figure.

And so,
I actually enjoy 8 1/2; it’s a tolerable Fellini with his orchestras, clowns, and heavy-set women (unlike Satyricon, Casanova, or Clown, for example) and features some solid reflections. I'll give it an eight out of ten (8/10).
Fellini for Beginners in Movies ·
I’m personally much more fond of early Fellini. Out of his later stuff, I thought *Intervista* was decent enough.
Bringing up *Satyricon* is just getting repetitive at this point—it's practically negligible. Generally speaking, I feel like Fellini’s work has declined since he started leaning so heavily into that surrealist satire—for me, that "life is a carnival" style is just irritating. It feels like you look at the lavish costumes and... well, that’s mostly all there is to it. And honestly, I don't share his fetish for plus-sized women.

All in all, I think Fellini is overrated (though, I suppose I’ll sit down with *8 1/2* sometime soon to see what the actual fuss is about).
I’ve almost found myself gravitating toward Pasolini lately (even if I still can't quite wrap my head around why some people insist that *Salò masterpiece* is actually a work of genius).
Annoying "Other" categories in Movies ·
I think you’ve got things a bit mixed up here...
The thing is—and bear with me—tropes and conventions actually sustain cinema; movies essentially feed off these established patterns.
Take the whole Spaghetti Western genre, for instance. It relies heavily on two specific tropes: exploiting the backdrop of the Mexican Revolution and that classic, gritty revenge motif where the protagonist is out for blood because of a lost father, brother, or wife. But instead of these clichés being a hindrance, they actually serve a purpose—they help. In fact, the audience watching a Spaghetti Western is specifically looking for those exact beats. Without those familiar setups, nobody would bother watching them at all.

On the flip side, the true masters of the craft are only as great as their ability to weave these very tropes into their storytelling. If it weren't for these foundational elements, Bergman would just be a lukewarm stylist—honestly, probably just a mid-tier talent on the level of Gus van Sant. To put it bluntly: films that lack these common threads simply don't hold much value...
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
rustymaker5 said:Just imagine for a second that we’re all fully aware of where we all came from—that we share the exact same primordial origin. If that were the case, why would there be any intolerance at all? Why the constant scramble to climb over everyone else, the desperate urge to dominate, or that exhausting habit of treating your own interests as more vital than anyone else's... or even just that basic, flawed assumption that some people are inherently better than others? It makes zero sense, doesn't it? That kind of ego-driven thinking only happens when someone thinks they're operating from an "Absolute" standpoint.
But let's be real, if a person actually wanted to view things from the perspective of The Absolute, they'd have to undergo a massive internal transformation, because most humans tend to hunt for truth and purpose within their own subjective grasp of the relative, rather than grasping at the absolute meaning all...
If you take the absolute truth—that we are fundamentally one single entity—as your anchor, that is truly the highest thing a person can strive for in this messy, relative world. But to actually get there, you really do have to change... first by acknowledging and accepting that this relative reality we're navigating isn't the same thing as the absolute realm, and realizing that in our very essence, we are beings from the absolute world placed into this relative one specifically so we can become conscious of our own absoluteness. So, honestly, clinging to the position of a "relative knower of meaning" is just a pretty shaky foundation to build a life on...


It’s actually quite a solid stance—mostly because it’s the only one available to us. An ideal way of thinking would be if you possessed total knowledge and had direct access to The Absolute, the primordial origin, or God (which we obviously don't)

If we did, then what would we make of injustice, chaos, evil, or any of this mess?
There simply isn't an answer—after all, we are all just relative knowers of meaning—and we've been tossed into this world, finding ourselves right here in the middle of it.

The absolute most we can do is strive—strive toward righteousness, nobility, goodness, or, to put it simply, a conceived ideal.

Now, a different matter entirely is that some people (most of them? perhaps everyone?) are striving toward a completely different kind of ideal—material wealth, checking off short-term goals, indulging in base passions and desires, etc.—and they couldn't care less about some Platonic ideal. And, get this, you can't actually show (or prove) to some cruel, diabolical person—someone who is convinced they are doing exactly what they ought to do and is genuinely enjoying it—that they are mistaken (since you lack insight into the ultimate meaning all); the only way to deal with someone like that is what I mentioned at the start: asserting your own interests (which you believe to be more noble), rising above them, or simply believing you are better than they are. Right?

Unless, of course, you believe everyone is wonderful and beautiful and envision a perfect utopia. I have to admit, I haven't seen that, nor can I even imagine it; I always see that some people are simply better than others, and it would be nicer if those others could just "improve" themselves (even if we were all meant to be One, or whatever you want to call it).
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
rustymaker5 said:Well, I actually did pay attention. 🙂

The reality is that there's both an absolute and a relative truth out there, though we mostly spend our lives tripping over the relative stuff. Tapping into the absolute would require us to undergo massive internal shifts; let's face it, shedding the need for the kind of stupidity and utter nonsense that brings tears to your eyes—the sad kind, obviously—isn't easy, and it takes a genuine effort from every single individual...😉


it wouldn't actually require those kinds of massive changes you're imagining, because it should be exactly what we refer to as—well, God.

this whole conversation about absolute versus relative reality—though, if I'm being honest, I'm not particularly fond of this line of talk, nor am I interested in that sort of Eastern wisdom; it all feels a bit too much like "instant spirituality" to me—steps right into the territory of the supernatural. You don't even need to go looking toward the East for these ideas; Western metaphysics has already covered it all (Schopenhauer, for instance, laid out this entire messy narrative in his work regarding Will and Representation, which I personally find far more fascinating and engaging); besides, Kant already established that we can't say anything at all about this "absolute reality"—what he called the thing-in-itself—because it simply transcends the boundaries of possible experience (an 'x' that remains forever out of reach)

so, Bob, regardless of what you choose to call this "absolute reality"—whether it's the Self, the Will, the Logos, or God—the fact remains that it ultimately rests on faith.

this whole argument about things being "senseless" is empty—because the very idea of sense is questionable, isn't it? I mean, you don't have direct access to The Meaning, so you can't really claim to know what is meaningful and what isn't from any objective standpoint; the furthest you can go is to establish some sort of personal foothold and then judge everything else based on that—essentially deciding what matters from the perspective of a "relative" observer of meaning.

and so on.
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
fadedbison17,

you're making a massive mistake regarding what "reality" actually entails.

see, reality isn't just this sky above us, that rock over there, the house, or that tree... a person's reality also encompasses a web of intersubjective relationships—what we call symbolic reality.

And you—whether you like it or not—are woven into that fabric. Your specific version of reality depends entirely on the belief systems and social convictions of the community around you. For instance, your reality would be diametrically opposed if you were living among a group of religious fundamentalists compared to living in San Francisco or wherever you are now; in those two different "realities," the consequences of writing a post like yours (if it happens to be radical or controversial) would be worlds apart. Here, I’m just debunking a misguided opinion of yours (hehe), but over there, they might actually take your head off. And the beautiful thing is, in both places, that physical reality you’re focusing on remains the same: there's still the sky, the rocks, the houses, and the trees.

If that makes things even slightly clearer—and if you can follow a train of thought that is quite obviously different from your own—then you start to see how much people actually reshape reality. Of course, that doesn't mean they can manifest a house out of thin air just by thinking about it—though, honestly, it's not entirely naive to ponder such things once you realize that the world and yourself always exist in a state of relation, and that everything you perceive as objective exists only relatively, in relation to your own consciousness and so on; besides, 😉 Matrix + tells you something very similar. We've all heard about various "phenomena"—altered states of consciousness, levitation, telekinesis, astral projection—is it all a hoax? I have no idea, most likely just tricks and illusions, but if someone truly, realistically moves objects with their mind, then we're dealing with a different kind of reality than the one we're used to.

But look, I don't mean to go that extreme; simply being immersed in symbolic reality (as we all are) means your life is already dependent on the thoughts of others.

ps — Fountainhead is an excellent film, and it serves as a perfect example of how a man (Cooper) alters reality through sheer force of will.
[Still, whether it's the absolute best film ever made is up for debate, and that was the whole point: you were claiming that it's absolutely possible to know the world with certainty.]
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
fadedbison17 said:I prefer precision and clarity; I think it's absolutely possible to perceive the world, and I don't think there's (or needs to be) such a thing as the big picture. When it comes to philosophy, I lean toward objectivism—whatever I know, I know for sure, and there's no "x" factor involved (the stuff you mentioned regarding Kant)

Anyway, looks like we've gotten to know each other a bit better and drifted off-topic, so let's leave it at that 😉

Alright,
I suspect you might be mistaken—though, granted, I can't say that with absolute certainty (of course); and while I'll likely never truly know which one of us holds the ultimate truth, I tend to trust my own intuition more, and consequently, I weigh my own perspectives a bit more heavily. That's just how I roll.😉

In the meantime, why don't you try to solve this one: what is the single greatest movie ever made? 😉)
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
@fadedbison17

It seems we aren't quite on the same wavelength—you’re taking me a bit too literally, I think. You’re latching onto my specific examples as if they were the core argument, when really, they’re just incidental.
Because of that, there’s honestly no point in me going through your replies line by line, even if some of them are—well, let's just say they're a bit of an eyesore.

To put it simply,
I’m not talking about using the supernatural to explain away every little thing that happens—at least, that isn't how I approach it. (Now, many religious people might certainly do that, and hey, there's nothing inherently wrong with it; the world is just built that way, populated by ordinary folks who are, frankly, pretty average in every sense of the word, and most people aren't exactly speculative philosophers.)

Regardless, no matter how much I learn or understand, I am always acutely aware of one thing: I know that I know nothing. Anyone who refuses to accept that is either being foolish or is simply lying to themselves.
But here is the catch—you can't actually live your life based solely on that realization. So, even when you know your convictions aren't absolute certainties, you have to move forward, building some kind of fortress of belief and acting as if you truly know something—constructing a morality, a set of principles, and so on.

So,
I could master everything there is to know about the world—the causes behind this and that—but there is always a persistent caveat attached: the fundamental nature of the universe is incomprehensible. The great mystery of existence remains unsolvable; that Kantov "x" will remain an "x" for all eternity.

And that is precisely why that "x" exists—because there will always be room for God, for faith, and so on. That is what the author of this thread was questioning in the opening post—how is it that we always find these patterns throughout history?

And now, looking at what’s actually bothering you,
it isn't that "x" (or God) providing an explanation for a specific occurrence—like lightning strikes, or a girl, or a movie you wanted to see. You can always find a more grounded, earthly explanation for those things. But when it comes to explaining generally, the "big picture," the ultimate meaning of anything at all—there is no final answer. And that is where God enters the frame.

For instance, whatever you might know about the nebulas of Andromeda, planetary motion, or the composition of the sun—that’s all trivial stuff. It doesn't really matter to you whether the sun is made of helium or aluminum. But does a meal taste good? Will you enjoy a great movie? Will your brother be okay? Those things matter deeply. If those "ordinary" life events go wrong—if life just starts falling apart—that is when you begin to question the meaning of it all, and you won't find an answer in mathematics or the natural sciences. For many, the answer will be faith, or the support of a community (a nation, a church, a local group, etc.). A rare few will navigate it alone—though even they rely on sheer willpower or faith.

And I won't ramble on,
but you claim you haven't seen any "benefit" from faith. My response? I don't expect a "benefit" in that sense—in fact, if that's how you look at it, the title of this thread is misguided. I simply believe (it was my choice), and life treats me kindly (there's your benefit right there). That is the version of God I hold onto, much like what Kuzanski said: He follows me like a shadow.

And as I mentioned, it seems I made the right choice...
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
Quincy:
I suppose I should address this—though I’m not entirely sure where to begin with the sheer complexity of the matter at hand. It feels like we’re circling the drain of a very specific, albeit exhausting, conversation. I was thinking about what Gerald Perez5 mentioned earlier—you know how he tends to look at things through that particular lens—and it strikes me that we are missing the forest for the trees. It’s much like when you’re trying to navigate a massive metropolitan hub like Chicago during rush hour; you get so caught up in the immediate gridlock right in front of your bumper that you completely lose sight of the broader transit system. We are doing exactly that here. We are obsessing over the minutiae while the larger structural issues remain unaddressed—quite frankly, it's a bit maddening. Anyway, my point—if one can even call this rambling thought a "point"—is that we need to step back. Let's try to find some common ground before we descend further into this particular rabbit hole. Or perhaps we won't. One can never be too certain in these digital forums, can one? kaže:
Just to circle back for a second—so we don't lose the thread here—I mentioned right at the start that I’m looking at this from a comparative standpoint. The core question was really about the advantages—you know, who holds the edge in which specific area? To be clear, my comparison is specifically weighing the rationalist perspective—someone who is mentally sound and an atheist—against the believer... and I should probably add a quick disclaimer there, as I truly have nothing against people of faith. 😉— Well, if you're feeling up to it, just take a look at the posts above.
I hear you—and honestly, that first comparison you made? It really hit the nail on the head.
I’ve already pointed out that the whole trick lies in the initial premise—you essentially take an arbitrary definition of what constitutes a believer versus a non-believer, and then you just start building your entire argument from that specific starting point. It's all built on those first assumptions.
So, if you think about it—and I do tend to overthink these things—every single instance of debunking an argument is really just a way of dismantling the initial premise. It’s all connected, isn't it? You can't really tear down the house if you haven't first addressed the very foundation it's built upon.
To be more precise—though I realize how pedantic that sounds—the whole concept of a "reasonable person" is such an incredibly broad umbrella that we can both wrap whatever meaning we want around it. It’s a classic standoff, really. You’re standing your ground by narrowing the scope—arguing that being reasonable implies a certain level of critical thinking and empirical proof, essentially positioning it as the antithesis of faith—whereas I prefer to widen the lens. To me, being a reasonable person is entirely independent of whether someone holds religious beliefs or not. We're just looking at two different sides of the same coin.

Quincy:
So, I found myself arguing that you simply cannot be consistent with your own logic when it comes to faith—it’s a bit of a paradox, really. You see, you're essentially expected to accept certain premises as absolute, finished products; they are presented to you as self-explanatory truths that you aren't even allowed to scrutinize—because, heaven forbid, if you start asking too many questions, suddenly you aren't a "believer" anymore. It’s quite a strange dynamic—I don't mean to imply that a person of faith lacks intellect—but rather that there is this specific, designated segment of their life where critical thinking is effectively cordoned off. In my view, deep reasoning and faith are fundamentally incompatible in that regard—one requires questioning everything, while the other demands you stop questioning at a very specific finish line.

That’s exactly what you said—but even so, it doesn't mean I have to take your word for it (hehe); in other words, just because you’ve made a claim doesn't automatically mean you're actually right.
I find myself lost in thought lately—just pondering all sorts of things, you know? Life, the universe, this and that... it’s quite a rabbit hole. And, well, I feel the need to mention it again—I am a person of faith.

Everyone—whether they’re perfectly rational or just struggling to keep their head straight—eventually reaches a point where they have to accept certain facts as absolute truths. It’s almost unavoidable, isn't it? You simply accept that you exist, that the laws of physics are non-negotiable, and that you are essentially stuck navigating the world exactly as it presents itself. There really isn't much else to do but embrace the reality you've landed in. Even when people try to "prove" things, they usually just end up arguing about how phenomena can be broken down into elementary forces—yet even then, those fundamental building blocks remain largely inexplicable, or we simply choose to treat them as settled facts.

Quincy:
Now, let me give you my two cents on that:
Once a person finally accepts their own limitations—which, let’s be honest, is a hard pill to swallow sometimes—they actually start to grasp the difference between what they can control and what they simply can't. It’s about focus, really. You’ll inevitably stumble along the way—that’s just part of the deal—but even that is a lesson in itself. After all, you can't exactly dictate when you're going to mess up; those mistakes tend to happen on their own schedule regardless of how much you plan ahead.
From my own experience—and I say this after plenty of trial and error—I’ve found that once you finally accept your own limitations, something interesting happens. Your influence actually becomes more focused; it gets sharper, more effective, and far less scattered. But there's another consequence to this realization—one that I personally find incredibly vital—which is that you start to feel a genuine sense of freedom. It’s like shedding a weight you didn't even realize you were carrying.
Well, let me offer my own thoughts on the matter in return:
The moment you accept your own limitations, you lose any semblance of consistency—especially if you still maintain that you have an absolute, unquestionable grasp on what you can control and what you simply cannot.
I did try to warn you about this earlier—though I realize now my delivery was perhaps a bit too oblique to be truly clear—but I have to ask: are you actually constructing your own reality? In a sense, that is what it seems like you're doing.
Look, when you claim that a person’s lifestyle or choices don't actually impact their health—or how they deal with illness—I have to step in and offer a reality check. It’s a bit of a stretch, isn't it? I mean, consider the sheer randomness of it all—one person faces a diagnosis like cancer and loses their battle, while another person, perhaps facing the exact same circumstances, manages to pull through and survive. It really makes you wonder about the variables at play.

Are you actually serious about that? If things like that were happening, I’d be the first one lining up to join the congregation.

This reminds me of those old stories about lightning—you know, back when people genuinely believed lightning was some divine entity. It was the same deal with floods; folks living along the Mississippi would assume a flood was just the river expressing its will. They didn't have a way to explain these phenomena, so they just slapped the label "God" on them. Now, there isn't necessarily anything wrong with that, but the issue arises when they use the concept of God as the *cause* for the lightning or the flood. That’s where we hit a snag. The problem is that once you define a phenomenon as "God," you effectively halt any progress toward understanding it scientifically. You stop looking for the mechanism because the answer is already supposedly provided. Fortunately, humanity eventually broke through those barriers and uncovered the actual physical causes.
Your examples—illness, a breakup, a blown tire on the interstate—well, maybe you don't personally understand the mechanics behind them, but assigning "God" as the explanation is essentially the same thing those ancient people did when they looked at a thunderstorm.
In my humble opinion, that isn't a subjective advantage; it's more like a mental roadblock.

I'm not sure if I've made myself clear enough here
A person can certainly understand the cause of various events without it providing much actual meaning—for instance, you know a tire blows because the tread is worn out, but that doesn't solve the existential dread of why things happen the way they do.
But look, the question here concerns the perceived benefit of faith—I was referring to the retrospective recognition of meaning, that moment when everything seems to "click" into place. For example, a man might "realize" he finally landed his dream girl because he lived an upright life (perhaps being a faithful believer), and thus his actions receive this retroactive validation. In his mind, if he believes God rewarded him, then that becomes his reality. Your external explanations—saying he got the girl because he's handsome or has a high-paying job at Goldman Sachs—are essentially meaningless compared to his internal conviction.

So,
this truly does happen, and if you want to verify it, you basically have to—well, be a believer (haha; even if you aren't the first one to try).

That whole lightning story feels a bit naive to me,
it strikes me as more of a mythological parable. Even back then, people probably realized that if they saw lightning strike several times without anything bad happening, they didn't need to be terrified—regardless of whether they understood the science behind it or not.
Today, you can describe the phenomenon and what's occurring, but that's really where it ends; it remains a mystery as to why it happens exactly that way and not some other way.

Let me be very direct.
Suppose a believer and a non-believer are both preparing to jump into a swimming pool. The believer prays beforehand that they won't get wet.
Scenario one:
They both jump in, and they both get soaked.
Scenario two:
The non-believer jumps in first and gets soaked.
Then the believer jumps in, and at that exact moment, a bird flies by and carries them safely to the edge of the pool.

What will the believer say?
"It was God."

What actually happened?
Was the reason the believer didn't get wet due to prayer?
The reason was the bird that carried them to the edge.
Did the bird fly over because of the prayer?
The bird flew over because birds fly.
THE POINT OF MY STORY: Did the man (the believer) successfully influence reality with his thoughts?
No. Birds fly, and that bird was just like any other bird—it simply flew.

Well, yes,
the ultimate reason for anything turns out to be a tautology.
In other words, we don't actually have a clue (about anything).

Or,
if a person decides that the bird flew over specifically because they prayed—then, for them, that is their reality.

People can't just manifest their way out of reality—honestly, I don't see any real advantage in trying to "convince" yourself that you have that kind of power if it isn't actually there.

On the flip side, people are constantly shaping their own existence, and there is definitely an edge to be gained if you truly believe that's how the world works. (Willpower is everything!)
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
placidranger said:So, basically, faith just gives you a narrative for the chaos of life.
What else is there?

I was speaking in generalities—different believers find all sorts of different meanings.

If you want my specific take, personally, I think life is just wonderful—it’s a total dream—even though I know I'm just a tiny little speck. Since I chose to be a believer, clearly I wasn't "chosen"—my bad.

Anything else?
I mean, what more could you ask for? I've watched almost everything by Bunuel, nearly the entire filmography of Tarkovsky... once, I even hit an eleven-game winning streak in a row. I swim, I run, my wife is beautiful—therefore, God loves me.
What are the benefits of being religious? in Philosophy ·
fadedbison17 said:In that case, relying on God or some external savior is just self-delusion. It's an illusion that keeps people thinking they have way more control over their lives than they actually do.

Going back to your scenario—let's say instead of rats, we're talking about people swimming in the ocean (a pool would be way too small anyway).

Most people know—or at least realize—that the ocean isn't infinite and that land exists somewhere. If someone were out there for a long time, they'd be thinking constantly. Either like, "just hold on a bit longer, help is right around the corner," or "I'm thirsty, I'm alone, I'm gonna die."

No matter what they're thinking, salvation (an island, a boat, a plane, whatever) isn't going to magically appear just because they thought about it.
The actual result of their mindset might be whether they swim faster and last longer because they stayed positive, or if they just give up on day one and float there waiting to be eaten by sharks... 🙂

Once you separate thought from reality and accept that humans have limited control over their lives, the conclusion is pretty clear. 😉
A rational person—someone who accepts those limits—is going to live based on knowledge and logic, focusing on what they can actually influence. Like, "I can swim a bit more, I've still got energy, maybe there's land past the next wave..." They know there are things totally out of their hands (like sharks, death, illness, etc.).
But a believer—someone who accepts facts without proof—doesn't have a clear line between where they end and the world begins. They think they have more control over the universe than they do. Because of that, when they lose control, they try to force a result (believing in divine help, praying for rescue). Like, "if I'm good, God will love me, God will reward me, I need a boat to save me..." Whatever happens to that person, it would have happened regardless of their prayers—so there's no actual advantage.


However,
I consider myself both a believer and a rational person,
and I don't simply accept "facts without evidence"; in fact, you are merely stating your position rather than actually proving it.

There is quite a lot of problematic reasoning in your argument—starting from your initial premise (which seems biased, as it equates being non-religious with being rational, thereby implying a believer cannot be rational) all the way down to your final conclusion.

Still,
once a person accepts their limitations (the so-called "rational man" described by kresho2), they simultaneously lose any absolute clarity regarding what is within their influence and what isn't—after all, what he thinks he "knows" might just be another illusion, much like how one might be deceived about what they "know" they cannot or do not know.

Or,
you don't actually *know* (with any certainty) that "whatever happens to that person would have happened even without their prayer"—that's a massive "what if" scenario.

...

The advantage lies in the fact that a believer perceives events as happening precisely because of their faith (whether it was recovering from an illness, finding a partner, or even having a tire blow out due to a mistake)—everything gains meaning retroactively. That is a subjective advantage.

As for an objective advantage—believers have a better sense of humor.
The metaphysics of gold in Philosophy ·
mistyjackal14 said:That’s a really thoughtful question, and honestly, I find myself wondering about it too...

Especially when you consider that Native American tribes were also deeply invested in gold—maybe not on our scale, but certainly enough to shape their history. It makes me think that this isn't just some quirk unique to our specific civilization, but rather something much more universal to the human experience. It brings up this deeper, almost philosophical question: is there something more going on here, some underlying reason? Is there perhaps something baked into human nature itself that draws us toward gold, as if that instinctual pull toward "whatever shines" is actually a physical manifestation of an even deeper, internal longing...


Oh, I actually forgot to ask you one thing
where did that idea about Native Americans come from? Did you read somewhere specific, or do you just have a general interest in Native American history?

On the flip side, the stereotype usually shoved through movies and comic books is actually the exact opposite: those naive Native Americans handing over gold deposits to pale, pragmatic types in exchange for some cheap whiskey or trinkets
The metaphysics of gold in Philosophy ·
Well, look—your "mechanistic" approach is fine, and it’s certainly a classic way to look at it, I suppose.
But honestly, those explanations feel a bit like *petitio principii* to me—you're essentially assuming the gold is already part of the exchange cycle, when the real question we're grappling with is precisely that: how, or rather, why does the gold enter the equation in the first place?

And just as you pointed out—which, if I recall correctly, is a sentiment shared by several other folks in this discussion—gold doesn't necessarily possess some inherent material utility... which means this realization pushes us right into that territory we might call the realm of spiritual values. Or, to put it in your terms, gold acting as a symbol! And yes, you've hit the nail on the head again: the real inquiry lies in the possible interpretations of that symbolism.

Now, if one were to argue that its utility lies in jewelry or decorative objects, even then, we are drifting back into the sphere of spiritual values. After all, we are presupposing a certain sense of beauty or aesthetics there—concepts that belong to the "delight of the spirit," if you will.

It's funny how many people immediately make that connection—gold shines (though, as the old saying goes, "all that glitters is not gold").
Then we have the interpretation that gold is akin to the Sun—and the Sun is the Source (which we strive toward... presumably, or perhaps it's simply obvious?)

...

So, that's the thread we're pulling on. But if someone—or perhaps they already have—could articulate this more clearly and explicitly, deriving a single coherent (if not absolutely certain) explanation, well, that is what everyone is searching for, haha.

...

Otherwise, I tend to think that every human culture, whether ancient or modern, is fundamentally the same. That is to say, humans—or man, in the singular sense—are identical in their very essence. In that regard, I don't see much in the way of "progress" or whatever it is people usually assume; the ancients were just like us. They lived simultaneously in both the material and the spiritual realms, and just as it was then, it is now: the material was "that first thing"—the most tangible thing you can grasp, the thing that moves you initially. To put it bluntly, for the masses, it's more immediate and more powerful. That's why materialism has always been present, and in my view, it has always been misunderstood as the final solution riddle world.
...

So, the real question remains: did those early eras possess any different insights? Were they closer to the "Source," as this spiritual theme keeps hovering around? And how does gold fit into that entire puzzle? It's a fascinating topic, truly.
The metaphysics of gold in Philosophy ·
I’m not entirely sure what you mean by that—it feels like a bit of a cryptic shorthand, doesn't it? Perhaps a typo or some specific jargon I haven't quite caught up on yet. Regardless, if there was a deeper point you were trying to make, do feel free to elaborate! I'm always happy to dive into a conversation, provided we can find some common ground to start from. kaže:
There’s that one part in Voltaire's *Candide*—you know the one—where he and his servant, Cacambo, end up wandering through... well, let's just say they find themselves in a bit of a predicament while searching for something better.
It’s almost like stumbling blindly into a fever dream—one minute you're trekking through the dust, and the next, you suddenly stumble upon the legendary El Dorado. It’s one of those cinematic moments where the world just shifts beneath your feet. Imagine wandering into this perfect, utopian city where the streets aren't just paved; they're literally shimmering with gold. It sounds completely absurd, doesn't it? Almost too good to be true—much like those idealistic visions we see in *Candide*—but there's something deeply captivating about the idea of finding such impossible perfection just by chance.
It’s all about the clumping—just as much as how common certain terrains are under our local conditions, covered in nothing but ordinary...
...with stones. Two enthusiasts will start grabbing them, driven by the sheer desire to...
They’ve tucked them away for later—all while the locals over there just stand around watching with those strange, puzzled looks, wondering what exactly is about to go down.
It’s just common rock—the kind of stuff you see lying around everywhere—so there isn't really anything particularly special about it.
At your service.

The way I see it—if you’ll allow me my little moment of interpretation here—is that Voltaire used that incredibly sharp, biting wit to point us toward...
The sheer relativity of what we consider essential—it’s a funny thing, really. In other words...
The value of gold doesn't actually stem from its inherent physical properties—I mean, let's be honest, it’s just a soft, heavy metal—but rather from its perceived utility and... well, the collective agreement we've all made to believe in it. It’s quite fascinating, really—much like how one might analyze the philosophical leanings in *Candide*—where the "value" of things often relies more on our social constructs than on any actual essence. It’s a bit of a psychological dance, isn't it?
Rareties—though some folks claim they only show up at a rate of about three per billion parts...
(The very crust of the Earth is essentially just discarded gold). Wouldn't it be something if we could actually settle on a planet where every five-hundredth—well, you know what I mean—was actually worth something?
If even a tiny fraction of the Earth's crust were actually made of gold, our entire perception of value would just... collapse. It’s a wild thought—if something is everywhere, it ceases to be precious. It becomes just another layer of dirt.
His current values—if we can even call them that anymore—have lost quite a bit of their former weight. It’s a bit like watching a once-mighty empire slowly fade into irrelevance; there was a time when those principles stood firm, but now? They just don't carry the same punch they used to.


Well, I have to say—that explanation of yours actually holds quite a bit of water. It’s a legitimate point, really.
... no, that kind of explanation is actually already baked into the premise here:

I can be sliced into uniform pieces, melted down into all sorts of practical tools, lasts longer than most other products on the market, and—best of all—doesn't take up much space at all... In nature, they’re incredibly rare—almost like finding a needle in a haystack if you aren't looking in exactly the right spot.


It really comes down to that sense of rarity—that "star player" quality, if you will—as well as longevity. You know, how some things just seem to hold up better than everything else over time... whereas other stuff just falls apart. If we were looking strictly at the scarcity factor, I suppose a four-leaf clover would have just as much of a claim to being "pure value" as anything else.

But that leads us to the real question at hand: is there actually anything else going on here? I mean—beyond the standard, obvious explanation—you know, the one where we just assume things need to be universal equivalents simply to make exchange easier, more practical, or just plain less of a headache—is there more to the story? Has anyone actually come across a fringe theory or a "marginal" explanation for this? It makes me think of how Schopenhauer dives into the metaphysics of sex—that kind of deep, slightly off-the-beaten-path philosophical digging. Does such a perspective even exist?

Look, I don't think anyone is actually sitting here expecting a single, definitive, "one true answer" to be handed down from on high—certainly not an exclusive or perfectly precise one. It’s not like there’s some requirement for absolute certainty, either. It feels more like we're just offering a bit of a commentary—you know, a passing reflection on the matter—rather than trying to nail it down once and for all. There’s a certain validity in questioning things, isn't there? It makes me wonder if we should even be looking at the standard explanations at all... or if there might be something deeper lurking behind those classic, textbook justifications.

Let me try to be a bit more... specific about what I’m actually asking here.
I think I’ve finally grasped the intrinsic value of gold based purely on its function—it’s become clear to me why money holds weight even though, in and of itself, it possesses little to no actual value. But let’s be precise here: let’s treat gold as our proxy for currency moving forward just so we don't get tripped up by semantics. The reality is that gold carries value because everyone else recognizes what it can do—that is, its utility. In essence, gold is valuable because there is a collective social contract in place. Now, how exactly we arrived at that specific agreement is mostly speculation at this point, but it really circles back to what was discussed before—the sheer, practical necessity of having a universal equivalent. And so, through that lens of practicality, gold was simply chosen as the standard.
And now, one might ask—why gold, specifically? Well, if we look at the reasoning provided by that gentleman over there, he’s essentially arguing that it fulfills all those necessary criteria perfectly... which, when you think about it, makes a certain amount of sense.

But, well—
While gold certainly checks all those convenient boxes, I can't help but feel it ought to meet a more explicit criterion before I’d personally desire it—you know, a specific standard that would allow it to actually "enter circulation." It needs to be able to validate those "convenient" qualities that ultimately make it a universal equivalent. To put it bluntly—and I realize this might sound like I'm overthinking things—those "convenient" conditions are essentially just a way of anticipating what the future will require.
In practical terms, we’re looking at a massive variety of people all trying to trade their own unique goods for gold—which is perfectly fine; everyone is entitled to their own desires... or, honestly, I have no clue why anyone would even crave gold in the first place, but hey, if that's what they want, far be it from me to judge
And that right there is the crux of this whole "X factor" surrounding gold—because, when I look inward, I can't quite see what my own version of gold would be. Personally, I’d take a chocolate pudding over a bar of gold any day of the week, and I certainly wouldn't swap my dessert for gold/whenever! I don't have some sort of social contract established regarding a universal equivalent

So, it seems to me that

a) gold possesses some mysterious "X," and perhaps I am simply someone who loves gold

or

b) gold doesn't actually have an "X"—it just happens to have some convenient, handy properties—but in that case, it only functions as a universal equivalent based on some previous social agreement... which sounds a bit utopian to me; it feels like there's a logical flaw there, almost too sensational, almost too incredible (the idea that people—which people, exactly!??—would gather, reach a rational consensus, agree among themselves, and somehow sacrifice or ignore their immediate, tangible needs for the sake of a future benefit—like trading a pig for gold /if that gold currently means nothing more to them than an abstract concept of a future medium of exchange)
The metaphysics of gold in Philosophy ·
Why has gold always been—and maybe still is?—the ultimate universal equivalent for all goods?

To put it another way, what exactly is that "magical" quality that allows it to function as money throughout history (and why are governments today still obsessed with maintaining massive gold reserves?)

One explanation—a very physical, very practical one, mind you—suggests that one can slice it into equal portions, melt it down into useful items, it doesn't spoil like other commodities, it’s highly portable... and it's incredibly rare in nature.-----

But is there some other trick up its sleeve, or is that really it?
I mean, is there something more mystical, occult, or secret at play here? Is there any kind of metaphysical foundation behind this metal we all seem to worship? Has some eccentric philosopher ever actually tackled this subject and turned it into a coherent theory (aside from the endless attempts by all sorts of characters to hunt for the philosopher's stone and master the secret art of turning lead into gold)?