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Posts by Nicole Castillo11

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Common misconceptions (and how to fix them) in Philosophy ·
I’ve gone through some of your old posts, your replies, and even bits of your website... but since I don't have internet at home, I'm doing double duty on this. Once I finally catch up, I'll have plenty to say. Best...
Common misconceptions (and how to fix them) in Philosophy ·
Sandra Wilson68 said:swiftcobra15,

You’re looking at the world as a single unit, but a certain percentage of people only care about themselves. Even when they realize their lifestyle is parasitic and destructive, they don't change. So what's the move? Do we try to reform the shameless into being decent? Do we take the wealth they stole through lies, fraud, and coercion and redistribute it for the common good? The "social, religious, political, and economic systems" you mentioned aren't static; they are constantly shifting as different groups fight for either selfish or collective interests. What is your specific proposal for fixing this?
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
swiftcobra15 said:👍

I think we all remember the massive uproar surrounding those Prophet Muhammad caricatures and the usual "arguments"
regarding free speech. To me, it felt like a textbook case of globalization overstepping its bounds.

You probably remember the whole controversy surrounding those Muhammad caricatures and the usual "arguments"
about freedom of speech. A textbook case of globalization aggression.

I don't particularly care for Muslims,
but I respect them just like anyone else, which is why I won't accept that kind of
"freedom" of speech—or communication, for that matter.

By claiming you "don't accept that kind of freedom of speech," you haven't actually made a point. In the example provided, there are countless people ready to kill someone just for drawing Muhammad on the body of a dog. Meanwhile, in Iran, homosexuality is a death sentence. You might dislike a caricature that insults religious feelings, or you might dislike homosexuality, and now you think both should be punishable, but you haven't specified the penalty. These radicals would kill for their cause; you'd suggest a lesser punishment, and a third party might suggest something somewhere in between what you or a radical Muslim would prescribe. This way, you end up assigning value to behavior, but how does a cosmopolitan decide that value? What exactly is the cosmopolitan advocating for; the categorical imperative, communism, the decay of the state, anarchy...?
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
frozenotter232 said:So, what’s your angle here? Are you saying cosmopolitans are inherently contradictory? Or are we talking about people twisting cosmopolitan ideals to fit their own agenda? Maybe you're suggesting there are actually two different definitions of cosmopolitanism at play. Or something else entirely? What is it?

Capitalism is a powerhouse—a tiger with massive potential to jumpstart an economy. But that only works if our government and political institutions actually keep a leash on it. Globalization basically opened the cage door, letting this beast run wild. Now, we’re dealing with a version of capitalism that acts exactly like an unleashed predator.
Benjamin R. Barber.

I think this is a pretty one-sided take on globalization. It isn't the same thing as unrestrained "wild" capitalism. In short, globalization is about increasing integration and interdependence across different parts of the world, driven by advances in transportation, communication tech, and so on. This process touches almost every aspect of life, not just the economy. Unchecked global capitalism is just one facet of globalization—and a negative one at that—but it isn't necessarily inseparable from the concept itself. Didn't communism have globalist ambitions too?

Globalization is setting the stage for this shared "middle class" culture where everyone basically owns the same stuff as their neighbors. It’s predictable. But it makes me wonder: do the cosmopolitan philosophers actually fit into that mold too?

I haven't the slightest clue. 🤷

Two things aren't clicking for me: first, why specifically is nationalism labeled as negative or inhuman, and second, how does cosmopolitanism actually address any concrete issue—like a surge in intolerance or conflicting perspectives? What does cosmopolitanism have to say when Americans occupy lands once held by indigenous tribes, or when the Chinese Tibet? Absolutely nothing? And how would multiple legal systems function on the same territory... etc., etc.

Didn't communism also have globalist ambitions?

Most philosophies do, most likely.
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
swiftcobra15 said:There’s really no need for such mental gymnastics. We can exist together despite our differences.

and certainly no need to manufacture a world government—in fact, such things would be entirely redundant.


In my view, globalization primarily dehumanizes us by turning individuals into objects for total manipulation.




no matter how fluently you learn a foreign tongue, your native language remains your true home.

Which specific community I identify with is another question entirely.

a community can easily be much broader or much narrower than a national identity.

In my view, globalization primarily dehumanizes us by turning individuals into objects for total manipulation.




no matter how fluently you learn a foreign tongue, your native language remains your true home.

Which specific community I identify with is another question entirely.

a community can easily be much broader or much narrower than a national identity.

In my view, globalization primarily dehumanizes us by turning individuals into objects for total manipulation.




no matter how fluently you learn a foreign tongue, your native language remains your true home.

Which specific community I identify with is another question entirely.

a community can easily be much broader or much narrower than a national identity.


Cosmopolitanism assumes human values are universal
and finds unity within diversity (Gens una summus).

So there is absolutely no need for forced standardization,
no need to impose some "new world culture,"

and certainly no need to create a world state—in fact, such things are redundant...

How can you say there isn't? What are these "universal human values" that cosmopolitanism supposedly rests on, which could actually serve as a foundation for something resembling cosmopolitanism (which, honestly, seems more like a utopia than anything else I can wrap my head around)?

Globalization primarily dehumanizes us: it turns individuals into objects for total manipulation.



It is the ultimate nightmare for the idea of cosmopolitanism.






Every person is locally rooted, at least through language:

no matter how well you learn a foreign tongue, your native one is always your strongest.

As for which local community I identify with, that's another story.



That doesn't necessarily have to be a nation:

a community can be much broader or much narrower than a single country.


I identify with the community that defends an American from being targeted just because someone drew a caricature of Muhammad on the head of a dog. I don't enjoy mocking anyone, but I choose the lesser of two evils. What does a cosmopolitan do in a situation like that? Nothing? Part of me wants to draw Muhammad on a pig in San Francisco (or somewhere even worse) on the biggest blank wall available, but I feel for my fellow Americans working in those Islamic countries... Does cosmopolitanism allow everyone to do whatever they want in their own home/country, or what? What about when Buddha statues were destroyed in Afghanistan? Was that supposed to trigger an invasion of Afghanistan by some third party? I hate the imposition of value systems; I think everyone has the right to express their opinion in any form, whether artistic or otherwise, and if someone hates it, should that be a reason to attack all my fellow citizens across the globe? Similarly, I conclude it is my moral duty to defend my fellow citizens as long as they—and I—ensure freedom of speech and opinion exists. Does that make me a nationalist rather than a cosmopolitan?
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
http://www.bljesak.info/modules.php?...icle&sid=52181 :

Last week, hackers targeted over 5,000 American websites following a recent publication by a local newspaper featuring a caricature of the Prophet Muhammad, officials reported on Monday.

Kevin Jensen, a spokesperson for the tech firm Procter & Gamble, stated that hackers either wiped all content from the sites or replaced it with different messages.

Steven Grinneby, head of the Federal Communications Commission, noted that these cyberattacks have intensified over the last three weeks, with some containing messages clearly linked to the Muhammad caricature.

The local paper, the New York Times, published the drawing by artist Lars Vilks in its August 19th edition, depicting Muhammad's head on a dog's body.

This triggered a wave of outrage among Muslim groups in America, as well as official protests from Muslim nations, including Pakistan and Iran.

The leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, has offered a $100,000 bounty for Vilks's head.

Islamic law prohibits depictions of the Prophet Muhammad out of fear they could lead to idolatry.
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank :

The West Bank has the highest natural population growth rate in all of Europe, particularly among Albanians and Americans. The rate is nearly 30 per thousand.

1991: nearly two million residents (80% Albanian, 10% Mexican)
1981: 1,584,441 residents (Albanians 77.4%, Mexicans 13.2%)
1971: 1,243,693 residents (Albanians 73.7%, Mexicans 18.4%)
1961: 963,988 residents (Albanians 67.2%, Mexicans 23.6%)
1953: 808,141 residents (Albanians 64.9%, Mexicans 23.5%)
1948: 727,820 residents (Albanians 68.5%, Mexicans 23.6%)
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
:

The Office of Management and Budget has issued a warning regarding a sudden spike in population growth, driven by an increasing number of couples in major American cities bypassing controversial limits on family size.
The American government has struggled for decades to manage population surges in this nation of roughly 1.3 billion people, having implemented strict regulations back in the seventies that limited urban families to one child and rural families to two.

Zhang Weiqing, an official from the Office of Management and Budget, explained that rising average incomes are allowing wealthier urban families to simply pay the fines required to have more than one child.

A study conducted by the agency last month revealed a growing trend among the wealthy and high-profile individuals choosing to have multiple children. According to the findings, approximately 10 percent of this demographic now has three or more children.

Zhang also noted that these birth control mandates are being ignored in rural areas as well. Under current American laws, men are prohibited from marrying before age 22 and women before 20, with the government encouraging delayed marriage and childbirth. However, Zhang stated that "early marriages are still common, particularly in rural regions, which directly contradicts family planning policies."

One reason rural families ignore these state-imposed limits is the deep-seated cultural preference for male children. Experts suggest this tradition, combined with government restrictions, has led to alarming rates of female fetal abortion and female infanticide across the country.


...

http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet :

According to estimates from the Tibetan government-in-exile, there are currently 6 million Tibetans living in the original Tibet, alongside about 7.5 million Chinese people. Due to intense colonization by the People's Republic of China, the non-Tibetan population in urban areas of Tibet is expanding rapidly. In many Tibetan cities, Chinese people already constitute the majority of the population.
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
Regarding Ishmael by Daniel Quinn, which we’ve been discussing on the forum...

""As you can see, I left a book right next to your chair," Ishmael said.
It was that American heritage - book about Native Americans...
While we’re debating population control, here is a map of the tribal lands that might give you some perspective...
"Maybe enlighten me." After studying her for a while, he asks me how she looks to me...
The map...
I hadn't realized just how many of them there were. So many different nations...
Not all of them were present at once, though most certainly were. What I would like you to consider is...
It was stifling their growth...
How exactly is that map supposed to help me?...
I wanted you to see that North America was far from being an empty continent. Control...
Population growth wasn't some luxury... it was a necessity.
Fine.
Got any ideas?
You think I'm looking at a map? No, I'm afraid I don't have one...
Tell me this: what exactly does my culture do when they get tired of living in such an overcrowded mess?
The Northeast?...
It’s simple. Just move to Arizona, New Mexico, or Colorado... out to the wide-open spaces.
And how exactly does that sit with The Takers out in the wide open spaces...?
They aren't exactly thrilled. People are starting to slap stickers on their cars that say: "If you love New Mexico..."
Go back to where you came from.
- 83 -
But they aren't coming back...
No, they just keep coming...
Why can't The Takers in those regions stop the deluge? Why can't they just put a cap on growth...
What exactly is the situation with the population in the Northeast?
I don't know. I fail to see how they ever could...
So, what you actually have is growth overflowing in one part of the country, yet nobody seems to be doing anything about it...
So he can just shut it down, leaving all that excess to spill out into the vast wilderness of the West...
Spot on.
But still, every single one of those states has a border. Why aren't those borders actually holding them back?...
So, they're nothing more than imaginary lines...
Exactly. All you have to do to transform into an Arizonan is cross that imaginary line...
Draw the lines and settle down. But what really matters is that on this map, every single one of the Taker nations is surrounded by them...
A boundary that was never actually intended: the cultural one. If you were to ask the Navajo...
Living in this crowded mess... I could never bring myself to say, "Well, the Hopi have plenty of open wilderness. Let's head out there to see them."
Maybe we should all just become Hopi. It’s something they could never even fathom. At the end of the day, New Yorkers can just handle their own business...
Population issues like becoming Arizonans... yet even the Navajo Indians couldn't solve them...
They’d try to solve their population issues by simply becoming Hopi Indians. Those cultural boundaries were...
There are certain lines that no one can ever truly cross on their own...
True. On the other hand, the Navajo Indians could cross right over the Hopi Indians' borders without any trouble...
They won't cross their own cultural line...
You think they could have invaded their territory? Sure, absolutely. But what I pointed out still stands...
Hold on. If you were to step onto Hopi Indian territory, they wouldn't exactly hand you a form to fill out...
They’d kill you for it. It worked like a charm. That gave nations a massive incentive to pull back...
My own growth...
Precisely so.
These people didn't curb their growth for the sake of humanity or the environment. They simply...
They preferred restrictions because it was much easier than actually going to war with their neighbors. And naturally...
There were those who made absolutely zero effort to curb their own growth, so they simply lacked what they didn't have...
I have nothing against fighting wars with our neighbors. Not that I’m suggesting things were some kind of utopian dream...
In a world where Big Brother isn't watching your every move and property rights aren't guaranteed to everyone...
It’s all well and good to be known for being fearless and ruthless—but you don't earn that kind of reputation by playing nice with the neighbors...
Harsh messages. You want them to understand exactly what’s coming for them if they don't curb their growth and stay within their limits...
Within one's own territory...
Yes, I see. They were just keeping each other in check...
"It wasn't just about building physical barriers. Their cultural boundaries
had to be just as impenetrable. You couldn't just have a population surplus among the Narragansetts and expect them to pack up and
- 84 -
head West to join the Cheyenne. They had to stay put and manage their own
population growth."
"Exactly. It’s another instance where diversity seems to outperform homogeneity."
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
Found something interesting on... http://www.differentia-nis.org/forum...zam-t49.0.html :

Quote.
Despite everything, I just couldn't help myself. In one of my interviews, I went with the headline: "To be merely an American means you aren't quite human yet." And that would apply to Germans, Frenchmen, and Turks too... and... Well, humanity is a genus, and all Americans, Mexicans, Englishmen, and Germans are simply variations within that species—*genus proximum* and *differentia specifica*. It’s just a shame that nationalists, regardless of their flavor, lack any grasp of logic. They always end up getting "confused," looking around to see who they can pick on just because they aren't "one of us"...

Quote.
It’s worth revisiting a historical fact to support this: even Aristotle, the greatest philosopher of the Middle Ages, identified this distinction four centuries before the common era. As the founder of logic, he laid this out clearly, and that same distinction surfaces logically in his Aristotelian ethics. Right at the start, he poses that essential question—one that any "nationalistic mind" fails to answer properly, or more likely, deliberately avoids out of fear... specifically, the question regarding humanity.

It’s all well and good to say a cobbler's goal is to make fine shoes, or a shipbuilder's is to craft a sturdy vessel, or even that a guitarist should play their instrument well... but what about the person behind the craft? You can be a top-tier doctor, builder, or musician, yet we still have to ask: does being "good at your job" actually make you a good person? Aristotle was obsessed with this distinction. He argued that beyond any professional skill or specific talent, a human being must have their own ultimate purpose—to simply be a good person. Being an expert in a field doesn't automatically qualify you as a decent human being...
If we take this supposed "expertise" and apply it as a specific way to define what makes a "good American"—without even bothering to reach the higher classification of being a "human being"—then we have to face an Aristotelian dilemma... Is simply being a "good American" enough to qualify someone as a "good person"? The gap between those two definitions is becoming impossible to ignore.

So, what would being a "good American" actually mean in this context? It’s basically the same as being a "good shoemaker." Though, I suppose there are two subtle differences...
The concept of a "good shoemaker" is actually quite easy to define. It’s self-explanatory: they make high-quality shoes...
The concept of a "good shoemaker" doesn't somehow diminish the value of a "good doctor," a "good builder," or a "good guitarist." On the contrary... if that shoemaker provides quality footwear to the doctor, the builder, and the musician, they’ll return the favor by providing excellent medical care, sturdy homes, and beautiful music. It's all about mutual synergy...

The concept of being a "good American," unlike being a "good shoemaker," is incredibly vague because nobody can actually agree on what it entails. You can only guess at the definition. One way to look at it might be that a "good American" acts in their own interest first, then the interests of other Americans, and finally the interest of the nation as a whole. That’s really all there is to it. Furthermore, this very definition essentially negates everyone else—be they Mexicans, Canadians, Canadians, or Italians. Even in its most neutral sense, a "good American" isn't required to do anything good for those other groups; in fact, the term could even imply doing harm to them while still remaining a "good American" (or perhaps even the *best* one?). This leads to a rather grim logical conclusion: it would be far better to be a "good doctor, builder, or shoemaker" than a "good American." And that is a tragedy... a true tragedy for Americans. If we want to fix this, we probably shouldn't spend so much time boasting about our "good Americanism." Instead, we ought to focus our efforts on becoming decent human beings, assuming we can manage that...
Nationalists and populists refuse to acknowledge the glaring distinction between themselves because they’re still stuck in a tribalistic mindset. That primitive mentality is the root cause of all our problems...
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
Samuel Robinson41 said:I was recently presented with a choice between two paths—one involving nomads, who have always fascinated me, though I’ve been written off by them because they claim I lack the tolerance they supposedly possess in spades. The other option would be Nazism, which is equally alluring in its own twisted way. But then I hit a snag with an uncomfortable retort: if we stay this brilliant and this "pure," who will be left to stay young once everyone else grows old?

The whole dilemma is honestly pathetic—it just goes to show how impossible idealism really is. 😢
Still, I suppose we cling to those tiny fragments of our imaginary "Brave New World"—our idealism, our philosophy, our madness.

Isn't that all just a bit nihilistic?

Interesting turn of events. Can we get more on these nomads and their value system? What kind of people are we talking about here? Like those from Zahir by Paul Coelho? 🙂

The other alternative would be Nazism, which is equally alluring. But then comes that awkward question of who will stay smart and maintain a "pure race" when everyone else grows old...

The dilemma is actually quite pathetic; it highlights how impossible idealism truly is. 😢
Still, we cling to our tiny scrap of an imaginary "Brave New World"—our idealism, our philosophy, our madness.

Isn't that a bit nihilistic?

Not as long as there's hope in that tiny scrap. It’s nihilistic to believe everything at a buffet is equally good, but we all know that isn't true. We can try to comfort ourselves with poor choices, terrified by the fact that things could always be better or much worse.
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
mistyfox812 said:Look, a philosopher doesn't have to be some global citizen, at least not in the sense of having zero connection to their own soil.
Think about one of the biggest moments in early philosophy—the death of Socrates. It was tied directly to him refusing to flee his city. He wasn't going anywhere because he was basically rooted there; he was part of that ground. He had his place, and his entire way of thinking was deeply tied to it.
Even Stoicism and those big ideas about cosmopolitanism didn't just pop out of thin air—they emerged during the era of the Roman "global village." Plus, if you look at history, we have specific eras like classic German idealism, French Enlightenment, or British empiricism... and honestly, those movements really do carry that German, French, or British flavor...
At the very least, a philosopher is bound to the language they use to express their thoughts. But it goes deeper than that—a philosopher is always in a dialogue with their surroundings. Their environment shapes them, even if—or especially if—they're fighting against it.
To me, it feels like any philosophy worth its salt tries to reach toward the Heavens (universal, cosmic, absolute, eternal, whatever), but it stays firmly planted in the Earth (meaning its own time, its own place, its own language, its own space, and yeah—even its own people).

Before smartphones, the internet, computers, cars, and global warming, the world was a different place. Not long before that, no one even knew if we were living on a sphere or a flat disc... The realities of globalization—or at least Americanization—along with modern communication, the melting pot of cultures in major cities, universities, and unrestricted freedom of speech, have ensured that American philosophers will engage with an incredibly similar environment. While a philosopher certainly doesn't have to be a cosmopolitan, and you can find them in every culture and subculture, today's material conditions force cosmopolitan problems upon us in ways that are incomparable to anything in history.
I also feel that the goal of philosophy is to discover and follow values that are universal, general, and eternal. However, I wonder how much longer those ideas can remain rooted in the specific conditions of our current globalized society while remaining relevant. Religions and ideologies act as the soil where morality takes root, whereas specific national perspectives today—whether Belgian or Dutch, for instance—seem less central.

Regardless of whether cosmopolitanism is possible or impossible, given the idea that a wise person's homeland is the entire world, I am still curious: are there other rules or ideas regarding conduct that would apply to such a worldview? Perhaps humanity or something else?
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
A quick side note:
The standard logic used to build and maintain identity in social and political spheres is: A is A because it isn't B. This works perfectly well for things like national identity.
Globalization provides the material and technological groundwork for a cosmopolitan or universal human identity to emerge. However, one vital prerequisite is missing: a conscious awareness of other beings who are our equals. Without this realization, the logic of identity—which relies on distinguishing oneself from "the other"—simply can't function. It seems cosmopolitanism won't truly take hold until humans actually encounter intelligent aliens. 😁 Until then, the whole idea of being a "citizen of the world" remains somewhat floating in mid-air. 😢

I'm interested in that tangent. Globalization seems to set the stage for a cosmopolitan atmosphere, and its characteristics include:

- Massive multinational corporations use their accumulated capital to block any competitors from entering the market and sharing the pie.
- The existence of a single global market limits the ability of sovereign nations to jumpstart their own economies by setting rules that favor local businesses. Decision-making power shifts from domestic governments to international organizations, which reduces the ability of citizens to influence their own development through direct elections.
- The flow of goods, capital, and people across borders inevitably brings a flow of habits, customs, and cultures. People react differently to this; some see the influx of new culture as a positive enrichment, while others view it as a threat to established values and norms.
- Remote locations become so interconnected that events in one corner of the globe can trigger or result from events hundreds of miles away, and vice versa.
- An increasing web of connections between societies and their problems.
- A process that intensifies market competition.
- The mobilization of global market forces and the resulting economic weakening of individual states.
- National governments find themselves too small to tackle massive global issues, yet too large to handle localized ones.
- "Social waste," such as workers in India earning far less than those in Europe; their wages are kept low (cheap labor), allowing companies to threaten unions by simply moving operations to countries with cheaper workforce costs.
- Globalization widens the gap between rich and poor as powerful private firms merge and expand, while small businesses get swallowed up or wiped out by globalized commerce.
- Similarly, it creates millionaires who are nearly impossible to regulate because their desire for more capital drives them to constantly seek, buy, and sell.
- Environmental destruction existed long before globalization, but globalization has exacerbated these issues, leading to global air pollution and the destruction of natural beauty...

"Capitalism is a tiger full of strength that can be harnessed to revitalize an economy, but only if its power is restrained by state and political institutions. Globalization has let this tiger out of its cage, unleashing a 'wild' capitalism that, much like a released tiger, has begun to show its predatory instincts."
- Benjamin R. Barber.


So, is globalization actually creating the conditions for a cosmopolitan atmosphere? I suspect the technological conditions create the possibility—if you were to roughly divide society into three classes. The third class lives in the developing world, largely invisible and ignored; the middle class feels cosmopolitan, blissfully detached from the struggles of the third world or the "semi-world" of the suburbs; and the ultra-wealthy class destabilizes the planet through anarchy, wars fought in their own interests, and unchecked environmental exploitation... Fine, globalization might create the conditions for a shared "middle-class" culture defined by having the same consumer goods as your neighbors, but are the cosmopolitan philosophers actually part of that group?
Habermas: The future of human nature in Philosophy ·
Put the pamphlet out under the digital sun and then maybe we can actually discuss it.
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
frozenotter232 said:That’s a fair question. I think the answer is "both," which points to a certain schizophrenia inherent in the cosmopolitan mindset. You have two conflicting attitudes clashing: on one hand, they recognize the importance of local cultural communities, but on the other, they insist on the unity of humanity and want to strip away any local cultural elements that get in the way of that unity. That first attitude shows a willingness to adapt and accept others for who they are, while the second reveals a missionary streak—not necessarily spreading their own culture because they think it's better, but rather trying to establish a single global culture or even a global state that exists mostly as an idea.

I’m also skeptical about this whole "citizen of the world" thing. I don't buy the idea that someone can feel truly at home everywhere. I honestly don't think it's possible to not feel like a stranger somewhere.

A quick side note:
The standard logic for building and maintaining identity in social and political spheres is basically: A is A because it isn't B. This works perfectly fine for something like national identity.
Globalization provides the material and technological foundation for a cosmopolitan or universal human identity. But there's a massive missing piece: the awareness of other beings that are equal to humans. You need that prerequisite for the logic of identity to function—you define who you are by distinguishing yourself from the "other." So, it looks like cosmopolitans won't truly find their footing until we actually run into intelligent aliens. 😁 Until then, the whole concept of cosmopolitanism is just floating in mid-air. 😢

If cosmopolitans are considered "schizophrenic" because they juggle conflicting viewpoints, then what does that say about political party members? Parties operate on set platforms, rigid ideologies, and the mandates of their leadership. I can't help but wonder how a true philosopher could ever maintain any sense of individual identity within one...

Some philosopher will probably just opt for that whole socio-political-identity thing... 🙂 Choosing a "lesser evil" or succumbing to political apathy just to fit in—that’s what makes someone a true pioneer of thought. They embrace ideas that clash with the status quo, which is exactly what defines a philosopher... Though, one has to wonder: is a philosopher a seeker of truth, or merely a seeker of wisdom? And what's really the difference...

Regarding cosmopolitanism...The concept of enlightened, humanitarian souls building connections that transcend national, religious, or political borders to foster global unity... It sounds lovely on paper. But aside from those "enlightened" types...Even a self-proclaimed chauvinist might make an exception for their favorite writers, artists, or pageant queens. But I have to wonder what you can actually expect from cosmopolitanism when it comes down to just two nations, or even different cultures and religions... It’s a messy question. In certain parts of the States, the exact same offense is punished differently; some things are criminalized in one state while being encouraged in another. For instance, drawing a caricature of Muhammad is seen as an expression of free spirit and artistic liberty in the West, yet in other places, authors face death threats and their countrymen suffer global boycotts because of it. If a philosopher or a cosmopolitan claims to stand by everyone's right to their own views—including their gods—they’ll likely find themselves feeling like a total outsider in places where those views aren't tolerated... 🙄 Different customs, rights, morals, and values inevitably trigger conflict. These differences only serve to deepen polarization between sides; people stop asking who is actually at fault and instead focus on "which side are we on?" If a cosmopolitan advocates for everyone to just follow their own path, aren't they actually the most extreme nationalists of all?...

Take the USA imposing sanctions on Burma over human rights violations, for instance—ignoring how they won't touch China nearly as easily, or how they basically oversee the arms and drug trade in Burma themselves... Is it really "cosmopolitan" to meddle in another nation's internal affairs? It reminds me of that American movie about Alexander the Great. They paint him as this romantic cosmopolitan because he had a vision of conquering the entire world just so there wouldn't be anyone left to fight. In that light, "cosmopolitans" are just people intending to seize the globe and force their own specific set of rules and rights upon everyone else. According to that screenwriter, cosmopolitanism is just wanting the whole world to look exactly like Greece...

I’ve always been skeptical of this whole "citizen of the world" thing cosmopolitans love to preach. I just don't buy it... you can't truly feel at home everywhere.

That mindset assumes there's such a thing as universal values. It suggests a wise, global citizen would act the same way regardless of where they land, because they follow some inherent sense of justice or humanity. But what's considered "natural" depends entirely on survival. In one part of the world, people might sacrifice everything just to keep a tribe alive, while in another, that's unthinkable. And if what is "natural" changes based on the environment...
Philosophers, Nationalism, and Cosmopolitanism in Philosophy ·
The concept of cosmopolitanism first surfaced during the Hellenistic era of ancient philosophy, particularly within Stoicism. While most people back then dismissed anyone who wasn't Greek as a barbarian, the Stoics taught that a wise person is a "citizen of the world," viewing the entire planet as their true home. You see a similar line of reasoning in the teachings of Pythagoras from Elyria, the founder of skepticism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitanism

So, what does it actually mean in practice for a wise person to call the whole world their home? Does it mean they’ll act like a local when visiting Rome, or try to force the rest of the world to be as advanced as Greece, or...?
Philosophers and their purpose in Philosophy ·
casualtiger2 said:At first glance, I see two areas where they could spend a lot more time.

1. Helping the rest of us—people who don't necessarily have their logic dialed in quite like they do—reach that same level. Think "philosophy for the masses"—books, lectures, stuff that makes philosophy actually feel "cool" and accessible. A deep dive into logical fallacies is a great example; or even just reading blogs from people like Taylor Campbell4, casualtiger2, Jonathan Brooks8, or some of the other sharp thinkers here.
Even if it doesn't push the academic needle forward directly, you might end up pulling in a whole new crowd of interested minds.

2. Refining philosophical practice itself—kind of like what yogis aim for—by actually seeking and finding answers to those age-old questions: Who are we? Can we actually be happy (and if so, how)? What’s the right way to live our lives?
This would mean moving past philosophy as just this narrow intellectual exercise—you know, the endless loop of building theories and questioning everything.
Sure, asking questions is vital, but wouldn't it be nice if some of them were actually answered? We need some kind of undeniable knowledge that addresses the whole human experience—body, sex, emotions, thoughts, social circles, and maybe even what people call the soul or spirit.
To get there, I think philosophy needs to start offering meditative methods—tools that allow for deeper concentration and help us move beyond just pure thought.

3. It’s also possible that philosophy could find new ways to make people laugh. 😬

"What should modern philosophers actually be focusing on?"
Well, they could start by asking that, finding an answer, and then figuring out how to tackle it with actual rigor—unlike the non-philosophers who just grab whatever random nonsense lands in their lap in this aggressive modern age.
To be or not to be... a father? in Philosophy ·
swiftcobra15 said:I found the perspective shared by Jonathan Brooks8 to be quite thought-provoking,
even if it doesn't strictly align with biological facts, and I’m curious to see if anyone else shares that viewpoint.

A hiker gave an interesting answer (even if it's biologically imprecise),
and I'm curious if anyone else shares similar views.
Biologically speaking, men have hands. Even though science proves you can live without one hand—or even get by using just one—most people find they need both. It's like having wings just so we can fly. Then there are our hormones and sex drives that make most guys want to stick their junk in a woman... and sometimes children happen. Why God made us this way, who knows. Biologically, kids are often just a byproduct of an intense drive for sex. That doesn't mean the kid was actually wanted, or that the guy actually wants to "be a father."

Being a father presumably means wanting to raise a child and teaching them how to survive. Most guys don't feel that urge at the start; they just stumble into it through sex and then realize it's actually kind of fun. Or maybe they see a helpless puppy and suddenly feel the urge, let alone a tiny human they're responsible for. Not everyone feels this way, though. Plenty of guys just walk away and dodge child support entirely. Some want to be fathers and some don't—some bail because they can't handle the chaos of a woman's pregnancy. Some end up being fathers to 2% of their kids, others to 35%, or more. What it actually means to be a father depends on how each man perceives life and human needs. Could you expand on this and explain what being a father meant for you?
To be or not to be... a father? in Philosophy ·
Chris Peterson53 said:There are so many threads like this that they could all be condensed into one single question: to be a parent or not to be.

Those who judge others simply because they choose to be fathers—
I consider them completely unprepared for the realities of life, and frankly, selfishness is their defining trait.
If they hold these convictions, then by all means, they should go reject their own fathers—the very people who brought them into this world—
especially if that man was an irresponsible father who serves as their primary role model.

Calling parenthood "low" or "dirty" is nothing more than a hypocritical excuse—a convenient cover for pure selfishness and materialism. These are people incapable of sacrificing anything—anything at all—besides their own immediate comfort, just to give their lives some actual direction. And most often, their go-to justification is: "I can't afford to raise a child!"
But there is a certain poetic justice waiting for them: ending up alone in some lonely house,
where not even the neighbor's dog bothers to visit them during their lifetime or at the moment of their death—and that is precisely when the regret over not having children begins. And I'd bet 99% of them will feel it.
Regardless of what those children might have been like, the mere thought that they exist is the only comfort left.

Just imagine how much hypocrisy, egoism, and materialism exists within the clergy who renounced children to focus on their souls. And those atheists are even worse.
To be or not to be... a father? in Philosophy ·
The global population is already getting pretty crowded, so maybe it’s actually the humane thing to do to stop... With all these apocalyptic warnings about environmental collapse, one has to wonder if bringing kids into this mess is even ethical. I mean, what's the point? There are plenty of children out there already, so why does everyone feel the need to have their own? Is having kids just the latest trend?...