ironmarlin1 said:For my part, I find it quite easy to conclude that it would be better to give money to someone who needs to buy schoolbooks for their children rather than using it to buy myself a pair of shoes. If you spent days working tirelessly to earn the money for those shoes, I don't see how that should shift my assessment that the funds would be better utilized helping someone else meet a more pressing need. Consequently, one could argue it would be immoral to withhold assistance from someone in dire need just because you've decided to prioritize your own desire for a new pair of footwear.
Now, let us consider a scenario where you possess and believe in certain virtues because you think they will pay off—either through material satisfaction (meaning, you won't steal or act dishonestly, but rather work honestly to earn money) or in a non-material sense (the smiles, the approval, the admiration, and the gratitude of others because you help them instead of spending money on yourself). It doesn't necessarily mean that the distinction between these two types of "rewards" is mutually exclusive. One can accompany the other, acting as either the primary goal or a secondary consequence. Thus, if viewed through that lens, those virtues could hold instrumental value for you, even without possessing intrinsic value.
And now, if they possess exclusively intrinsic value—if you honor a virtue solely for its own sake because you believe it holds inherent worth—then you would likely have to be some sort of Socrates in today's world. And in my estimation, that would mean you wouldn't function in society at all.
Again, even the distinction between instrumental and intrinsic value isn't strictly exclusive.
I find it incredibly difficult to speak in generalities. A person truly decides only when they are confronted with the situation itself. Any decision made *a priori* carries the danger that those decisions and principles will be betrayed, causing the person proclaiming them to lose all credibility.
Take one situation: I take my hard-earned money and head straight to the store to spend it on myself; not necessarily all of it, mind you. However, the narrative shifts entirely if, on my way to the store, I encounter a homeless woman with her child and decide to give her some money, say $6.75.
Must I, when I wish to indulge myself, step back while contemplating the misery of the world surrounding me and ask myself what I deserve to be rewarded with, while someone else does not? Or can I act morally—even if I allow myself a reward—without such an action losing its essence? That is to say, without it becoming what I have termed "hypocritical honesty," and without losing its authenticity and credibility? 🤷