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Do any animals (besides humans) have a sense of time?

Started by James Lee77 · · 👁 6 views · 140 replies

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Participants James Lee77ironmarlin1Edward Flores4amberviperSandra Wilson68mistyfox812Kenneth Peterson5Keith Lee2Donna Sullivan7Jack Ortiz7Robin Palmer6copperlynx49
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#41 ·
Edward Flores4 said:@ David: I’m still sitting here waiting for those arguments regarding "forgetting," let alone that breakdown you promised about anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism. Honestly, until you actually deliver, there's a pretty valid case to be made that you’re just an attention-seeker looking for a reaction—which, frankly, makes it perfectly reasonable to treat your posts the way we’d handle a spoiled toddler having a meltdown in the middle of a Target. You know the type—screaming and flailing their arms because they want their way right this second. Sadly, that kind of behavior usually stems from how they were raised, so it isn't really fair to blame the kid itself. The best move is usually just to let them scream it out until they run out of steam.

Thanks for understanding, and hey, feel free to keep the performance going if you need to.

What forgetting are we even talking about here? As for this whole business of anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism, honestly, it feels like a bit of a slog, so I think I'll leave that heavy lifting to you—if you're up for the task? ☕
Edward Flores4 Edward Flores4 Regular
428 messages
joined Mar 2008
#42 ·
I mean, I guess that’s one way to admit you were wrong—kind of a clumsy way to go about it, honestly, but hey, who am I to judge? 😉

Thanks for the cooperation and for giving us yet another masterclass in how not to do things.
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#43 ·
ironmarlin1;14737554 said:

Back in the 19th century, F. Brentano was already laying down the law by distinguishing between physical and mental phenomena. He argued that mental states possess this quality called intentionality—a concept he actually picked up from the Scholastics. It’s much like what you were saying, really; consciousness is always inherently directed toward something. If you have a desire, you have a desire *for* something. If you hold onto hope, you’re hoping *that* something specific happens... But the real kicker, the part that actually matters here, is his point that this mental orientation doesn't require the object of that focus to actually exist in the real world...

Maybe Brentano pushed his explanation a bit too far... For him, intentionality isn't really about "intent" in the way we usually think of it, but rather an inherent "aboutness"—as if every single mental state carries some kind of object within itself. That idea that every psychological phenomenon contains an object just doesn't square with reality, because you can have a sensation like a simple itch that is purely a mindless, objectless process, whereas love definitely isn't... The difference lies entirely in the feeling: an itch isn't directed toward anything, while love is fundamentally oriented toward an object. An itch is a primary, raw conscious sensation, whereas love is more complex and secondary, which is to say, it's directed... Animals don't possess this specific type of intentionality, even if they can be incredibly devoted, though that's really just instinct.

Second off, intentionality doesn't mean an intentional judgment is actually true or false. For instance, if I say, "I believe it’s going to rain tomorrow," that doesn't automatically make the proposition "It will rain tomorrow" true or false... And then there's this third criterion: saying "Mark believes he's looking at Danica" doesn't imply anything about the truth of the statement "Mark believes he's looking at Venus."

Why on earth would anyone suggest these examples illustrate intentionality? They’re clearly just cases about whether our perceptions and statements happen to be true or false...

Even though Venus and Danica are actually talking about the exact same thing, this distinction was originally laid down by Chisholm...

I just don't see the point of this line of reasoning, especially given the examples laid out above...

It’s worth pointing out that this kind of distinction doesn't just land us back in that old, sterile debate between phenomena and entities... instead, we're really looking at a divide between the language of the mental and the language used by the physical sciences...

Could you walk me through the actual distinction between those two "languages"...?

But here’s where you’re tripping up when you claim this can't be naturalized... because saying something doesn't exist isn't the same thing as suggesting it somehow does, no matter how much you try to imply otherwise. There is a massive difference between simply believing something isn't there and then letting that belief drive your behavior, versus actually asserting that something exists when it clearly doesn't...

Look, if you turn your own argument into some kind of absolute truth, then you’re just being a dogmatist yourself. I mean, the second you claimed that "it’s just saying something exists when it actually doesn't," you basically turned your statement into an unassailable dogma that's immune to any actual criticism... making it "absolute." And honestly, that's exactly the mistake you're trying to pin on me...🙂
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#44 ·
ironmarlin1;14737913 said:
Claiming we objectively can't study consciousness is a massive leap, and honestly, I haven't heard a single solid argument for it that isn't just some half-baked intuitive guess... And as for comparing the intelligence of primates to birds, I really don't see how that even works. 🤷

I mean, how exactly are you supposed to investigate the consciousness of a client? Or even your own—if you even bother to look at it—since it's exclusively accessible to you, which makes the whole thing a subjective investigation regardless of how much we try to make it objective...
As for bird intelligence, specifically parrots, crows, or ravens, we can actually test that through problem-solving tasks in new environments. You see crows in New Caledonia
crafting "tools" out of twigs or agave leaves just to pull larvae out of tree bark. In research labs, we test this by providing them with objects like wire. I once saw a raven adapt to a situation by bending a straight wire into a hook just to fish out a little dish filled with meat. Chimps just aren't as quick to pivot when things change, so they actually lag behind these birds.

Qualia could be explained in a way that makes their existence a non-issue. The only thing left to explain regarding Qualia is why people are so convinced they see what they see, even though there are endless ways to demonstrate how fallible our perception actually is.

The point with Qualia isn't really about convincing us of what we see, but rather about the actual sensation that arises from it... Why does the perception of the color red feel exactly like *that*, and not something else, or why do we have that feeling at all?

It’s questionable to say that consciousness creates concepts. A person can toss around terms like Washington, D.C. entirely unconsciously without consciousness needing to first construct the concept and the semantics. If it did, consciousness would have to create the concept of the concept itself, and so on, until nothing is left of the concept. That’s basically a version of Ryle's regress, following the philosopher G. Ryle, who wrote a great book called The Concept of Mind.

Our minds create concepts, and that action is strictly possible only within a conscious state. We can even create concepts while dreaming, but dreaming is still a form of consciousness...
In unconscious states, there is no creation whatsoever, because creation is a "creative" act, which is inherently a conscious process.

The problem remains unsolved simply because there is no problem. There's only a problem if you assume dualism, which is scientifically discredited unless you want to tell neuroscientists they're blind just because they can't detect immaterial forces in the brain.

Dennett just rejects Qualia because he doesn't see a way to solve them through science—you know, via standard physicalism.

Yeah, that’s basically what Dennett calls heterophenomenology. It’s just like how someone might empirically believe in the existence of Qualia—it's a conviction, much like believing in unicorns, without even getting into all the optical illusions and whatnot...

Just another flawed analogy here. Saying "unicorns" exist isn't the same thing as saying Qualia exist. One is just fantasy and abstraction, whereas with Qualia, you actually have the subjective experience tied to the process itself. Got it?
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#45 ·
"Quote:"
amberviper As expressed by:
I can’t help but feel that Brentano might have overstepped the mark with his particular explanation. In his view, intentionality isn't really about "intent" in the way we usually think of it; rather, it's this idea of being "directed" toward something, as if every single mental phenomenon inherently contains an object within itself. To suggest that every psychological event carries some sort of object is, frankly, a bit disconnected from how reality actually functions. Take a simple sensation like an itch, for instance—it’s a purely mindless, objectless psychological process. An itch just *is*. But love? Love is a completely different beast because it is inherently directed toward something else. The distinction lies entirely in the experience: an itch doesn't point toward an object, whereas love is fundamentally oriented toward a subject. I would argue that an itch is a primary, raw sensation of consciousness, while love is a more complex, secondary, and therefore "directed" state. Even animals, despite being capable of deep, instinctive attachments, simply don't possess this specific brand of intentionality.
I think you’ve missed my point entirely. We aren't talking about a physical object like a coffee table or some tangible piece of furniture; we are discussing the object of consciousness itself. In your own example, that itch is the very thing being consciously experienced. If I say, "Marko svrbjeti ruka," that judgment doesn't inherently prove the existence of a physical limb—think about people experiencing phantom limb sensations where the feeling is undeniably present even if the hand isn't there. Furthermore, that thought doesn't necessarily guarantee the truth of the statement "Marko will scratch himself." And thirdly, if you were to swap out "hand" for some other variable, let's call it X, the truth of the proposition doesn't change: "Marko svrbjeti X." Therefore, this judgment satisfies all three of Chisholm's criteria for intentionality. This thought is intentional, and according to your own logic, it remains irreducible to mere physical states.

I find myself wondering why anyone would even consider these specific examples as valid illustrations of intentionality. Honestly, they seem much more like demonstrations of whether our perceptions and statements are actually true or false. It feels like we’re conflating the mere accuracy of a claim with the very nature of directedness itself.

If you want to really get under the skin of the matter, try swapping out the verb "to believe" for something like "to desire," "to feel," or even "to seek." You see, the goal here is to broaden the scope; we aren't just talking about simple belief anymore, which is really just one specific flavor of intentionality among many. By making that shift, you're opening up a much wider, more nuanced landscape of mental states.

"Quote:"
I struggle to find any real substance in this line of reasoning, especially when you look at the examples provided above; they just don't seem to hold water under even the slightest bit of scrutiny.
The whole point of establishing such rigorous criteria for intentionality is to prevent this inevitable, messy confusion from taking hold; we need clear boundaries so we can actually test whether intentional states can be reduced down to mere physical states.

Could you perhaps walk me through the nuances between those two "languages"? I find myself struggling to pin down where one ends and the other begins.

Think of mental language as a way we assign layers of meaning to the specific states and behaviors of any physical system. It’s a bit like how we approach complex software—take a high-level chess engine, for instance. If you try to describe its operations purely through the lens of raw mechanics or basic code execution, you’re missing the forest for the trees. Instead, once the system reaches a certain level of sophistication, we find ourselves naturally attributing higher-order properties to it; we start talking about its "desire" to win the match or its "belief" that a particular strategic move is the optimal path toward achieving a specific goal. We aren't just looking at bits and bytes anymore; we're applying a conceptual framework that makes sense of its complexity.

Look, if you insist on treating your own premise as some kind of absolute truth, then you’re essentially just falling into the trap of dogmatism yourself. I mean, the moment you declared that "saying something exists when it actually doesn't constitutes existence," you effectively turned your statement into an unassailable dogma—you've basically immunized your position against any meaningful critique by making it "absolute." It’s a bit ironic, really, because that’s exactly the kind of error you’re trying to pin on me.🙂

I’m not sure I follow your logic—are you suggesting that something which doesn't exist actually possesses some form of existence? If that’s your premise, then you’re essentially walking straight into a contradiction. Still, I have to admit, I tend to be a bit of a zealot when it comes to the law of excluded middle. 🤷
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#46 ·
amberviper As if I haven't heard this before...
How exactly does one go about investigating the consciousness of a client? It’s a bit of a philosophical minefield, isn't it? And if we turn that lens inward to examine our own awareness—assuming we even attempt such a thing—we run straight into a fundamental wall. No matter how much we try to apply rigorous, scientific, or "objective" frameworks to the process, we are ultimately trapped within the confines of our own perspective. At the end of the day, you're performing a subjective investigation; you can dress it up in all the empirical clothing you want, but it remains an inherently private, internal affair.
If you really want to get a handle on bird intelligence—I’m talking about the heavy hitters like parrots, magpies, or crows—you have to look at how they navigate the unexpected. You can't just test what they already know; you have to throw them into a completely foreign situation and see if they can figure out the puzzle on the fly. Take the crows living out in New Caledonia, for instance; watching how they tackle novel problems is essentially the gold standard for measuring true cognitive grit.
Imagine crafting a makeshift little gadget out of nothing more than some twigs or perhaps an agave leaf—something you could actually use to fish larvae right out of their tiny hideouts deep within a tree trunk. In a controlled lab setting, researchers usually hand these creatures tools like a simple piece of wire to see how they handle it. I once watched this one crow, quite frankly, which was fascinating; the bird just looked at a straight piece of wire, figured things out, and bent it into a perfect little hook just to snag a small container filled with meat. It’s wild when you think about it. Chimpanzees, despite everything people say about them, don't seem to have that same kind of rapid-fire adaptability when the situation shifts; they actually lag behind these birds when it comes to that kind of quick-thinking problem-solving.

You’ve hit the nail on the head regarding the nature of first-person subjective inquiry, but that actually leads right back to my central argument. We tend to treat these internal experiences as if they carry some inherent weight of truth, yet a subjective impression isn't nearly as reliable as we like to pretend; at the end of the day, it is merely an impression, not a hard fact.
Trying to draw a direct line between the cognitive abilities of a chimpanzee and a crow is, frankly, a bit of a fool's errand; you’re essentially attempting to compare two entirely different evolutionary trajectories that have carved out vastly different toolkits to survive their own specific corners of the world. It’s like trying to argue whether a high-performance jet engine is "better" than a precision Swiss watch—they both represent incredible feats of engineering, sure, but they were built to solve completely different sets of problems in entirely different environments. One is optimized for raw power and atmospheric dominance, while the other is tuned for microscopic accuracy, and neither can claim superiority simply because their mechanisms don't overlap. Similarly, these two species have undergone such distinct adaptive processes to master their respective niches that any attempt at a head-to-head comparison ignores the fundamental reality of how evolution actually works.

"Quote:"
One doesn't really head toward Qualia just to convince ourselves that what we’re seeing is actually there—that feels like a bit of a redundant exercise, doesn't it? It’s more about chasing that specific, unmistakable sensation that hitches a ride on the perception itself. I mean, why is the raw feeling of perceiving red exactly what it is, rather than some other flavor of sensation? Or even deeper, why do we possess that internal feeling at all?
If things were even slightly different, we wouldn't be looking at red at all; it would have morphed into something else entirely. 🤷

It seems to me that our intellect is essentially an engine for generating concepts, a process that can only truly take place within the theater of a conscious state. Even when we drift off into sleep, where reality becomes a blur of dreamscapes, we are still capable of constructing those conceptual frameworks—but then again, dreaming itself is just another peculiar manifestation of consciousness, isn't it?
When you really sit down and peel back the layers of unconscious states, you start to realize that true creation simply isn't happening there; after all, if we define creation as an inherently "generative" act, then it must, by its very nature, be a conscious process.

No, I think you've got it all wrong. I don't actually sit around constructing concepts while in some heightened state of conscious deliberation. It isn't like I’m sitting at a desk, meticulously drafting definitions like a lawyer working on a contract. In fact, it's quite the opposite—I find myself tossing around various terms almost entirely by accident, using them through sheer habit without ever consciously assigning them a fixed, rigid meaning. Concepts aren't these solitary architectural projects we build in our heads through deliberate planning; rather, they gain their substance and weight out in the real world, forged through the messy, constant friction of human interaction.

It seems to me that Dennett simply refuses to acknowledge Qualia, largely because he can't wrap his head around the idea that they might actually be resolvable through science—or, more specifically, through standard physicalism.

No, I simply cannot get behind the whole notion of Qualia, primarily because the very premise feels fundamentally absurd. To attempt to discuss phenomena that lack any discernible cause—things about which we can neither say anything definitive nor uncover any truth—is, quite frankly, no different from debating the properties of things that don't even exist. It’s an exercise in futility. You have this proposition where you claim to perceive something that isn't material, yet somehow, this non-material entity manages to trigger physical reactions in people. It suggests something is causing the movement of matter without being part of the material world itself, which is just nonsense. Even if you look at what neurologists observe, they won't find any such thing; there are no "immaterial forces" operating within the brain. It’s a logical dead end, and honestly, I think Dennett is right on this one—we really ought to stop pretending Qualia exists.

Well, I think we’ve stumbled into yet another flawed analogy here. Even if we were to concede the existence of "unicorns," that wouldn't make them synonymous with Qualia. See, unicorns are just matters of pure fantasy and abstract thought, whereas with Qualia, the whole point hinges on the actual subjective experience inherent in the process itself. Does that make sense?

Actually, I'd argue that this subjective feeling sits on the exact same level as unicorns, simply because it is, itself, a subjective feeling. We can just as easily claim that such a thing—much like those mythical creatures—doesn't exist at all.

Best,
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#47 ·
To pick back up on our discussion regarding the divide between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom, here is how Marc Hauser frames it:

...Whenever nature has created systems that seem to be open-ended and generative, they've used some kind of system with a discrete set of recombinable elements. The question you can begin to ask in biology is, what kind of systems are capable of those kinds of computational processes. For example, many organisms seem to be capable of quite simple statistical computations, such as conditional probabilities that focus on local dependencies: if A, then B. Lots of animals seem capable of that. But when you step up to the next level in the computational hierarchy, one that requires recursion, you find great limitations both among animals and human infants. For example, an animal that can do if A then B, would have great difficulty doing if A to the N, then B to the N. We now begin to have a loop. If animals lack this capacity, which we believe is true, then we have identified an evolutionary constraint; humans seem to have evolved the capacity for recursion, a computation that liberated us in an incredible way.

It’s the very thing that lets us tackle complex mathematics just as easily as we handle language. This whole mechanism—taking distinct, individual pieces and shuffling them together—is essentially what provides the open-ended architecture found in genetics and chemistry. When you look at the pattern this way, you're left with a fascinating puzzle: what specific selective pressures drove the evolution of a recursive system in the first place? Why does it appear that humans are the sole organisms on this planet, the only natural system, possessing this particular capability? What were the environmental or social forces that forced this breakthrough?

...

Marc Hauser, a cognitive neuroscientist, serves as a professor within the departments of Psychology and the Program in Neurosciences at Harvard, where he also holds a fellowship in the Mind, Brain, and Behavior program. He is the author of The Evolution of Communication, The Design of Animal Communication (co-authored with M. Konishi), and Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think.
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#48 ·
ironmarlin1;14745717 said:
"Quote:"
You’ve got it wrong. He isn't thinking about a physical object like a table or anything... he's thinking about an object of consciousness. In your case, that itch is the object of consciousness. Take a sentence like "Mark Twain's hand itches." That judgment doesn't necessarily prove a physical object—like a hand—actually exists; think about phantom limb syndrome where someone feels something that simply isn't there. It also doesn't guarantee that the statement "Mark will scratch himself" is true. And thirdly, if you swap out "hand" for some other synonym, "X," the truth of the judgment doesn't change: "Mark Twain's X itches." So, it satisfies all three of Chisholm's criteria for intentionality. That judgment is intentional, and according to your own logic, it won't be reducible to mere physical states...
Of course! That’s exactly what I was getting at. Brentano defines intentionality by suggesting that mental phenomena act as "objects" within our consciousness. If you're staring at an apple, you don't just see color; you hold a representation of that apple in your mind. It might be ripe, it might be rotten, you might want to grab a bite, or you might just toss it aside... In that moment, the apple exists in your consciousness as an external object rather than an internal sensation like an itch. And this is where Brentano really pushes the envelope, because that specific type of objectivity just doesn't square with a raw physical sensation like a random itch. It only works when you have that directed conscious action—that sense of "objecthood"—like when you're feeling love, or hatred, or any other targeted emotion...

"Quote:"
Swap out the verb "to believe" for things like desiring, feeling, wanting, or seeking... The idea is to aim for a criterion that’s broader than just belief, since that’s really just one specific flavor of intentionality anyway...
I’m honestly not sure what point you’re trying to make here... Both "to want" and "to believe" are inherently intentional verbs. As far as I can tell, your whole argument just boils down to some pretty shaky analogies on your part...

"
The whole point of setting such rigid criteria for intentionality is to prevent any kind of messiness... it’s about seeing if we can actually reduce intentional states down to mere physical ones...

If I’ve understood your argument correctly, you can't just reduce those types of systems or lump them in with these supposed, non-existent "physical conscious-unconscious states"... because once you strip away the subjective experience from a system, it simply isn't conscious anymore. Take a worm, for instance... it doesn't possess Qualia, so it isn't conscious. But if you were to strip away its instinctual drives too, you'd be left with nothing but dead matter—just an ordinary mass...

"Quote"
I’m not sure I follow you... are you actually suggesting that something which doesn't exist somehow does? If that's the case, then you're walking straight into a contradiction. Still, I have to admit, I tend to be a bit of a dogmatist when it comes to the law of excluded middle...
That’s exactly my point! Your "unicorn" isn't a physical thing sitting in a field somewhere, but it absolutely exists within your semantic framework—and because it lives there, it doesn't have to play by the rules of identity, contradiction, or the law of excluded middle... It belongs to the realm of abstraction and fantasy rather than being an intentional property of consciousness itself. You can't really claim it doesn't exist anymore, because if you can't even conceptualize something semantically, then it truly lacks existence. We can even wrap our heads around "Nothingness"... which is just another part of our semantic world, not the actual, physical one...
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#49 ·
ironmarlin1;14747536 said:

"Quote:"
You’re spot on when you say we're dealing with subjective research once we start looking at things from a first-person perspective. But honestly, that's exactly my point... a subjective impression isn't nearly as reliable as people tend to think; it's just a feeling, not an objective fact. And trying to draw a direct comparison between chimpanzees and crows? It's just a non-starter, since they're two completely different species with entirely different adaptations for their own specific environments...
Maybe you’ve got a point there. But the whole idea is to put two animals in a situation where they actually have to solve something! Since that drive to find food is so incredibly primal, we just make things difficult for them—create these high-stakes scenarios where getting a meal isn't easy—and then hand them tools to work with. The animal that grasps the concept of a "tool"—and if you consider the mind itself to be a tool, I'd include that too—and applies it more effectively to the problem, is objectively showing superior resourcefulness and intelligence... and that's how it starts. Honestly, crows, ravens, and parrots are outperforming primates in these tests; the scientific data is right there, and you see it in documentaries all the time. Just go look it up on YouTube!

"Quote:"
If things were any different, it wouldn't even be red... it would be something else entirely.
I’m not entirely sure what exactly we were strictly talking about here... maybe the subjective experience of the color red? If that’s the case, then I have to ask you again—why on earth do we even have this sensation of redness in the first place? What is it, really, when it doesn't actually exist in the physical world like that...

"
No, that’s just not how it works. I don't actually go around constructing concepts while I'm conscious... if anything, I'm just throwing words around subconsciously, using concepts without ever really intending to define their specific meanings. Concepts only truly gain their meaning through the way we interact with one another in the world, rather than through some sort of deliberate, conscious planning...

Creations that aren't conscious simply don't exist! So what if you "automate" them and use them as mere reflexes or habits... that doesn't mean anything in terms of actual conscious creation. Unconscious creations just aren't a thing...

"Quote:"
No, I reject Qualia entirely because the whole concept is just absurd... Talking about things that have no cause, things we can neither describe nor actually uncover, is essentially the same as talking about things that don't exist at all. The idea that you could "see" something that isn't material—something that lacks any physical trigger in the brain yet somehow manages to spark physical reactions in people—is pure nonsense. Even though it supposedly moves matter around, neurologists know better because there simply aren't any non-material forces operating inside the brain, so it's an absurd notion where Dennett's path is clearly the right one... denying Qualia altogether.
Denying Qualia is basically the sickness of a materialist-atheist worldview. Non-physical experiences prove quite clearly that consciousness exists and isn't just some material byproduct... Telepathy does too. The spirit directs matter, not the other way around...

"Quote:"
Nah, that subjective feeling is right up there with unicorns, because it’s just as much of a subjective sensation... and we could honestly just say that such a thing doesn't exist, just like unicorns don't.
You can't just declare terms to be in the same category if they aren't actually analogous... Semantics demands precision, ironmarlin1, so I really hope you'll come up with some sharper analogies for your future arguments.
Cheers!
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#50 ·
ironmarlin1 said:To pick back up on our discussion regarding the divide between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom, here is how Marc Hauser frames it:

...Whenever nature has created systems that seem to be open-ended and generative, they've used some kind of system with a discrete set of recombinable elements. The question you can begin to ask in biology is, what kind of systems are capable of those kinds of computational processes. For example, many organisms seem to be capable of quite simple statistical computations, such as conditional probabilities that focus on local dependencies: if A, then B. Lots of animals seem capable of that. But when you step up to the next level in the computational hierarchy, one that requires recursion, you find great limitations both among animals and human infants. For example, an animal that can do if A then B, would have great difficulty doing if A to the N, then B to the N. We now begin to have a loop. If animals lack this capacity, which we believe is true, then we have identified an evolutionary constraint; humans seem to have evolved the capacity for recursion, a computation that liberated us in an incredible way.

It’s the very thing that lets us tackle complex mathematics just as easily as we handle language. This whole mechanism—taking distinct, individual pieces and shuffling them together—is essentially what provides the open-ended architecture found in genetics and chemistry. When you look at the pattern this way, you're left with a fascinating puzzle: what specific selective pressures drove the evolution of a recursive system in the first place? Why does it appear that humans are the sole organisms on this planet, the only natural system, possessing this particular capability? What were the environmental or social forces that forced this breakthrough?

...

Marc Hauser, a cognitive neuroscientist, serves as a professor within the departments of Psychology and the Program in Neurosciences at Harvard, where he also holds a fellowship in the Mind, Brain, and Behavior program. He is the author of The Evolution of Communication, The Design of Animal Communication (co-authored with M. Konishi), and Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think.

I haven't actually read anything by Hauser myself, just reviews of his books.
I get the sense he doesn't offer any definitive answers, and he's careful to avoid anthropomorphism or being too human-centric. The assumption is that while animals might possess a certain type of intelligence, they lack self-awareness, which makes any attempt at finding ideological solutions pretty much doomed from the start...
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#51 ·
"Quote:"
amberviper Asks:
Oh, absolutely! That’s exactly what I was getting at. You see, Brentano defines intentionality by suggesting that mental phenomena exist within our consciousness as "objects." It’s like when you’re staring at an apple; you don't just see color and shape, you hold a distinct representation of that apple in your mind. Maybe it looks ripe, maybe it's bruised, or perhaps you're already deciding whether to take a bite or toss it in the trash. In that moment, the apple exists within your consciousness as an external object—it's a thing directed toward, rather than something felt from the inside like a random itch. And this is where Brentano’s argument really pushes into deep waters, because that specific type of objectivity simply isn't compatible with a purely visceral sensation like an itch. An itch doesn't have a "target" in the same way; it just *is*. But intentionality? That requires a directed conscious action, much like the way we aim our thoughts toward feelings of love, hatred, or any other complex emotion.
When you look at an apple, it isn't quite right to suggest that you possess some internal, mental snapshot of that apple within your consciousness; rather, you are simply perceiving the object itself. What you’re describing feels less like a model of consciousness and more like a description of how a television functions. Brentano wasn't actually addressing the raw, psychic sensation of being conscious, but was instead focusing on the characterization of intentionality. And if we follow that thread, it leads us directly toward characterizing intentional systems in terms that mirror human experience—describing them through intentional lenses such as "X wants Y," "X desires Y," or "X believes Y."
You talk about an itch as if it were some sort of binary switch—something that either exists within the Cartesian theater of consciousness or it simply doesn't. But the reality is far more messy than that. Sensations like an itch, or pain, or any similar physical feeling, are deeply contingent upon a vast web of interpretations and contexts; they aren't just isolated data points that you can neatly extract and isolate within your little theater of pure consciousness.

"Quote:"
If I’ve managed to grasp the core of your argument correctly, then these types of systems simply cannot be reduced to, or even equated with, these so-called non-existent "physical conscious-unconscious states." It’s quite straightforward, really: once you strip away the subjective experience from a system, you aren't left with consciousness anymore—it's gone. Take a simple earthworm, for instance. It doesn't possess Qualia, and therefore, it isn't conscious. If you were to go a step further and strip away its instinctual drives as well, you wouldn't even have a living creature left; you'd just be staring at a pile of inert matter, nothing more than ordinary mass.
This is exactly where things fall apart when you cling to the existence of Qualia. Consider the implications: if you subscribe to this view, you’re essentially conceding that it’s entirely possible for someone to possess the exact same physical architecture as we do—acting, talking, and reacting just like any other person—yet completely lack Qualia. They would perceive the color red, certainly, but they wouldn't experience that internal, subjective "redness" that we all know. They’d react to seeing red in precisely the same way you or I would, yet the inner light simply isn't turned on. From there, the conclusion becomes inescapable: Qualia don't actually influence our behavior at all, because, as this philosophical zombie demonstrates, a purely physical explanation accounts for everything we do. In that scenario, Qualia are relegated to being mere epiphenomena—nothing more than a ghostly byproduct. But then, you immediately trip over your own logic and fall into a contradiction. If that very zombie starts talking about epiphenomena, he is providing living proof that they *do* influence his behavior, which directly clashes with the initial premise that they don't exist and therefore have no impact. It's a circular trap. Ultimately, it seems physicalism holds the ground; subjective experience can be fully explained through the classical frameworks of physics, behavior, and intentionality.

"Quote:"
That is precisely my point! Your "unicorn" doesn't exist in any physical sense, yet it possesses a distinct existence within your semantic landscape—and because of that, it effectively bypasses the standard logical axioms we rely on, like identity, contradiction, or the law of excluded middle. It’s a phantom of abstraction and fantasy rather than an intentional property of consciousness itself. You can't simply claim it doesn't exist anymore, because if something cannot be conceptualized semantically, it lacks any form of existence to speak of. We can even wrap our minds around the concept of "Nothingness." That isn't a void in reality; it is merely a component of our semantic world, not our actual one.
In that scenario, you’re essentially talking in circles when you bring up unicorns. If someone were to ask whether a unicorn is the same thing as Kerber, you wouldn't even be able to provide an answer; you see, this sort of ad hoc, imaginary semantic playground lacks any established rules of identity, contradiction, or the law of the excluded middle. Ultimately, words lose their grip on meaning because you have no way of knowing what you're actually referring to. 🤷
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#52 ·
ironmarlin1;14749529 said:

When you look at an apple, it isn't true, as you suggest, that you have some internal mental image of that apple; you’re simply perceiving it. What you’re describing sounds more like a television broadcast than a model of consciousness. Brentano doesn't say anything about the subjective feeling of being conscious, just how intentionality works...

You write as if consciousness were something distinct from the essence of our soul. Consciousness isn't just a property of our physical bodies, because physics alone is just pure matter without any spirit or soul.
What does that actually mean? Well, here’s the thing: if you believe this is just a property of "physics"—meaning the neurophysiology of the central nervous system—then every single system with even a moderately developed CNS would have to possess consciousness and self-awareness. And they don't. Especially those without a CNS at all. I mean, what kind of consciousness does a bacterium have, exactly? Besides, by that logic, every physical structure should possess consciousness, much like our friend _Ljubo_ suggests in his unforgettable mantras... which isn't exactly a serious scientific stance.

If you could just explain what you meant by: "Brentano says nothing about the subjective feeling of consciousness, just how intentionality works?" Because, honestly, that sentence is semantically incomprehensible...

You talk about an itch as if it's some binary concept that either exists within the Cartesian theater—that is, within consciousness—or it doesn't. In reality, sensations like an itch or pain are dependent on various interpretations and contexts that you simply can't pull out of your theater of pure consciousness.


Trying to explain consciousness through algorithms just doesn't work, because that's exactly how computers and other machines operate, and they aren't conscious.

In that case, you have no idea what you're talking about when you bring up unicorns. If someone asks whether a unicorn is the same thing as Kerber, you can't answer them, because that ad hoc, imaginary semantic world lacks rules of identity, contradiction, or the law of excluded middle. Basically, words lose their meaning because you can't actually know what you're discussing.

I don't see any consistency in that argument at all. The semantic world exists as a realm of abstraction and fantasy, not one governed strictly by logic and rationality...
Why is that so hard to grasp?
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#53 ·
"Quote:"
amberviper said:Perhaps you have a point there. But really, the whole idea is to pit two animals against one another in a test of pure problem-solving! Since the instinct to find food is such a primal, driving force, we essentially create these high-stakes scenarios where getting a meal becomes incredibly difficult, then toss them some objects to see if they can figure out how to use them as tools. The animal that manages to grasp the utility of a "tool"—and if you consider the human mind itself to be the ultimate tool, I'd include that in the equation—and applies it effectively to the situation, is demonstrating a objectively superior level of resourcefulness and intelligence. It’s quite straightforward from there. Honestly, crows, ravens, and parrots are frequently outshining primates in these studies; those aren't just my opinions, they are established scientific findings. You can even see it played out in documentaries. Go take a look on YouTube if you don't believe me!

I know, I actually caught that TED Talk on YouTube recently. But honestly? My gut feeling is that comparing them to chimpanzees is a bit like comparing apples to oranges. It just doesn't quite sit right with me. 🤷

"Quote:"
I’m not entirely certain exactly what we were targeting here—was it strictly the subjective experience of the color red? If that was the case, then I find myself circling back to the same old inquiry: why on earth do we even have this sensation of "redness" in the first place? It feels like such a strange phenomenon when you really sit with it, because, in any objective sense, that specific quality doesn't actually exist out there in the physical world.
We experience the sensation of red simply because our brains have learned to discriminate against that specific wavelength of stimulation. It’s the textbook explanation we all know by heart: a certain wavelength hits the lens, passes through the eye, and triggers the neural response.

"Quote:"
Let’s be clear about one thing: creations that lack consciousness simply don't exist. You can talk all you want about "automating" them or utilizing them as mere automated functions, but that doesn't change the fundamental reality—it has absolutely nothing to do with conscious creation. Unconscious creations? They are a total myth.
That’s just not right. There is absolutely no need to go around listing words that we toss around without having any clue about their actual definitions, their nuances, or how they relate to one another. I mean, surely the late Wittgenstein settled that whole approach to the conscious construction of words and meanings once and for all, didn't he? 🤷

"Quote:"
To deny the existence of Qualia is really nothing more than a symptom of a certain materialist-atheist worldview that’s been running rampant lately. If you look closely, non-physical experiences provide such glaring evidence that consciousness exists as something distinct from mere matter. It’s right there in front of us. Even things like telepathy suggest that the spirit directs matter, rather than being some mere byproduct of it.
Look, I wouldn't call it helplessness; there are plenty of atheist materialists out there who don't deny the existence of Qualia. After all, non-physical experiences are still experiences—they aren't some transparent, invisible entity floating around like that friendly little ghost, Casper. As for telepathy, there simply isn't any evidence to support it. That’s really just something you find being clung to by New Age cults.

"Quote:"
You simply cannot declare that two concepts belong to different categories just because they don't fit within the same analogy. Semantics demands a certain level of precision, ironmarlin1, so I truly hope that moving forward, you'll strive to provide more rigorous analogies to support your claims.
Hey there!
No, I wouldn't call those analogies, because we're really talking about things that fall into the exact same category. ☕
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#54 ·
Alright, let's try this from a different angle!
How exactly do you define personality—the persona itself?
And how would you go about defining the unity of our consciousness?
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#55 ·
amberviper said:You write as if consciousness were something entirely separate from the essence of our soul. Consciousness isn't merely a property of our physical body, because at its core, pure matter is just physics, devoid of spirit or soul.
What exactly does that imply? Well, look at it this way: if you truly believe this is just a "physical" trait—meaning the neurophysiology of the central nervous system—then logically, any system with even a rudimentary CNS should possess consciousness and self-awareness. But they don't. What kind of consciousness could a bacterium possibly harbor? Furthermore, by that logic, all physical structures would have to possess consciousness, much like our friend _Ljubo_ suggests in his rather unforgettable, repetitive mantras. And frankly, that isn't a serious scientific position.

No, that’s simply not how it works; contrary to what naive _Ljubo_ seems to think, not every physical structure needs to be infused with some magical substance called consciousness. It is much like health: being healthy doesn't require you to contain a specific "health substance" within you; rather, it requires a certain functional state of the organism. The exact same principle applies to consciousness.

Explaining consciousness through an algorithmic lens is inadequate, since that is precisely how computers and other types of hardware operate, and they clearly lack consciousness.

All you’ve managed to demonstrate here is that the mere existence of an algorithm isn't a sufficient condition for consciousness, but then again, nobody ever claimed it was. What a conscious machine actually requires is the intelligent application of memory for its own internal purposes, rather than for a user (which is how modern computers function). Intelligent memory usage implies that the machine must have its own inherent needs—something we can't say about your computer example. Additionally, a machine needs sensors and the ability to recognize relevant stimuli, and so on. Your examples are merely descriptions of ordinary tools. What you really ought to be attempting to prove is that a Turing machine cannot, in principle, simulate a brain, rather than pointing out that today's laptops aren't sentient.

I see no consistency in this claim whatsoever. The semantic world exists as a realm of abstraction and fantasy, not one governed by logic and rationality.
Why is that so difficult to grasp?

I have to ask you: is the judgment "Kerber = unicorn" true? Since you’ve asserted that the rules of identity don't apply in this semantic world, you can't actually claim the judgment is false. Consequently, you lose the ability to distinguish between any concepts within it at all.
And yes, a world stripped of logic and rationality isn't just difficult to comprehend—it is utterly impossible to understand. 🤷
amberviper amberviper Active Member
51 messages
joined Dec 2007
#56 ·
ironmarlin1;14756055 said:

Yeah, honestly, a world stripped of logic and rationality isn't just hard to wrap your head around... it's actually impossible to grasp.

Take a look at this classic science brain-breaker: light behaves as both a particle and a wave! I mean, how is anyone supposed to logically visualize that...
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#57 ·
amberviper said:Alright, let's try this from a different angle!
How exactly do you define personality—the persona itself?
And how would you go about defining the unity of our consciousness?

Perhaps the most insightful take on this came from Hume:

"for my part , When i enter most intimately into What i call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never can catch myself at any time without a percepton, and never can observe anything but the perception.... If anyone, upon serious and unprejudiced reflection, thinks he has a different notion of himself, I must confess I can reason no longer with him. All I can allow him is, that he may be in the right as well as I, and that we are essentially different in this particular. He may, perhaps, perceive something simple and continued, which he calls himself; though I am certain there is no such principle in me."
ironmarlin1 ironmarlin1 Active Member
196 messages
joined Aug 2007
#58 ·
amberviper said:Take a concrete scientific example: light behaves as both a particle and a wave! How on earth is that logically conceivable?

The thing is, that isn't actually an example of a contradiction. ☕
The various interpretations of quantum mechanics don't contain any inherent logical contradictions themselves. Sure, if they were contradictory, we wouldn't be able to formalize them mathematically—but we can. You would have to demonstrate that within such a system, a judgment is simultaneously true (both A and not-A). And I find myself returning to the same question: without the principle of identity, how could you even begin to distinguish one concept from another, or more simply, claim that Kerber isn't a unicorn?
Sandra Wilson68 Sandra Wilson68 Active Member
75 messages
joined Mar 2004
#59 ·
ironmarlin1,

Nah, absolutely not. Contrary to what Sandra Wilson68 naively thinks, not every physical structure needs to possess some magical substance of consciousness.

Aganor pushes this idea (not sure about you) that consciousness should be some "magical, special substance"—a "soul"—that’s separate and distinct from energy or matter. For me, consciousness isn't some "special substance" detached from energy/matter; it's just a capacity. It's the capacity of matter (energy/matter, which we already know exists) to exert force, move, perceive, feel, remember, think, and understand. We don't even need science or philosophy to realize that energy/matter possesses these abilities, because it's obvious in everything energetic and material surrounding us. But hey, if we want to lie to ourselves for religious reasons, then we need apologetics and theology—basically, we need Aganor to suggest it and "explain" it nicely to us, hiding behind science and philosophy, which also have zero clue and are just lying to us out of ignorance.

Just like you don't need "health substances" inside you to be healthy, you just need your body to function properly. It's the same thing with consciousness.

No organism could exist, let alone function, if the matter (energy/matter) making up that organism didn't possess the physical and mental capacities to act, move, perceive, feel, remember, think, and understand.

If consciousness were some separate "soul" sitting apart from the energy/matter that builds the body, that body wouldn't just be non-functional—it wouldn't even exist. It would be completely lifeless. Dead. And when someone's dead, they aren't doing anything. Nothing can exist, be alive, conscious, or functional based on some external consciousness; it only happens through its own inherent physical and mental capabilities. You don't need to prove this; it's obvious, logical, and common sense. The existence of a "God" or a "soul" separate from energy/matter isn't evident, logical, possible, or understandable. Eventually, even the most simple-minded people will see this, and world religions can start packing up their little "mantras" about "souls" and "God."
Sandra Wilson68 Sandra Wilson68 Active Member
75 messages
joined Mar 2004
#60 ·
Aganor,

What kind of consciousness does a bacterium actually have?

Bacteria don't have any consciousness, just like humans don't. Neither bacteria nor people have the capacity to strive, move, perceive, feel, remember, think, or understand. It's just energy and matter building up the bacterium, the human, or anything else. If matter/energy didn't possess those physical and mental capabilities, a bacterium, a human, or anything at all could never exist. What we call "human consciousness" isn't something a human owns; it's the very matter and energy that makes a human up. Who a person truly is isn't what they see when they look in a mirror—it's the stuff that makes up the thing looking back in that mirror.

.
Besides, consciousness would need to possess all physical structures, just like our friend _Sandra Wilson68_ tells us in those unforgettable mantras of hers. That's not a serious scientific stance.

Consciousness doesn't own physical structures; it's the other way around. Physical structures possess consciousness—meaning they hold the ability to perceive, feel, remember, think, and understand. Even physicality itself is a capability—the ability of matter to strive and move. So, you end up with this idea that matter is simultaneously energy and consciousness. That’s the only thing that qualifies as science because it's empirically verifiable, logically sound, and actually makes sense.

And what exactly are your "mantras" about the "soul" and "God" based on? Science? "Grammar"? Some "solid" foundation and "strong" science??? You're just talking in circles and wasting your breath.

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