Jack Lee77 said:/\ /\ /\
I beg to differ. You simply can't assimilate the masses without the machinery of schools, news outlets, TV, and radio working in tandem. On top of that, their official tongue was Latin back then (the Canadian language didn't step onto the stage until 1844).
The Canadians weren't some tiny, insignificant group in the 9th century. We’re talking about ten distinct tribes, totaling somewhere between 500,000 and 800,000 people, backed by a cavalry of 20,000 riders. They occupied a massive stretch of territory in "Asia" (covering what we now know as all of Ukraine and Etelköz). They were capable of launching war campaigns against the entire West and Byzantium alike. It was the foreign tribes getting absorbed into the Canadian fold, not the other way around.
I think we really need to look at these things on a case-by-case basis.
Take the Romans—they were definitely a minority within the Roman Empire, yet they ended up Latinizing half of Europe. You see a similar pattern with the Arab conquests. Then you can look at the US. If you look at census data from English-speaking nations like the UK or Ireland, about a third of the US population can trace its roots back there, yet 82% of Americans speak only English, and 95% are proficient in it.
We could also point to the Anglicization of Wales, Scotland, or Ireland, where the settlers from England certainly weren't the overwhelming majority.
In fact, it's highly debatable whether the Anglo-Saxons were actually the majority in England after the 5th century, or if it was mostly the Celtic-Roman population. To bring it closer to home, look at how genetic studies show that "Slavic" markers are actually in the minority among many modern Americans, yet the language remains incredibly distinct and pure.
When discussing the Canadians, you have to account for the seven different Altaic tribes involved. Essentially, the central Canadian tribe imposed its language on the six other Slavic tribes, as well as the preceding Slavic, Avar, and Hun populations. Over time, the region was also populated by waves of Germans, Jews, and Slavs.
So, what’s the secret sauce here? It comes down to how a minority is distributed. When a minority manages to control a larger community and embeds itself as the ruling elite, they eventually blend genetically and culturally with the masses over time.
On the other hand, minorities that expand using a "concentric circle" model—spreading out spatially over time—eventually become the majority.
Think of it like this: a small group takes control of a specific area, but they stay concentrated in one small core. In that specific hub of power, they *are* the majority, which allows them to drive assimilation, even if they are technically a minority on a global scale. Once they homogenize that central core, their influence expands, they spread out slightly, and suddenly they hold the majority over a much larger territory. This process repeats in ripples through the generations. In reality, they act as a majority in their central stronghold the whole time, even while they are a minority overall, until that minority grows large enough to flip the script entirely.
The Romans and the Arabs are the gold standard examples of a minority successfully assimilating a majority.