Back around the year 2000, I had some testing done that suggested potential homozygosity—and when I asked about it, the response I got was that being homozygous implies one is the product of incest. However, my legal parents aren't my biological ones—because, let’s be honest, relatives can't marry under American law—and my legal mother falls into the Romani ethnic group according to physiognomy, though she flatly denies it. People who have seen her photos would certainly agree she belongs to that group. To make matters even more complicated, the paternity test came back positive, but the maternity part was never confirmed at that 99.9% threshold. Furthermore, the Rh factors of my legal parents don't match my own blood type at all.
The analysis shows that my father is actually the one carrying the highest number of homozygous allele combinations—which, in my view, is something characteristic only of offspring from incestuous unions—so it turns out I'm not even the homozygous one, my legal father is! This completely contradicts that finding from 2000.
I wasn't adopted, which, in my estimation, means my very identity was stripped away from me—it feels as though everything was just scrambled in some lab. I don't even know if I was born in a hospital, because there is a photo of me at thirteen days old where I literally have a "hole in my navel"—an unconnected umbilical cord—and a slightly twisted ankle... I mean, seriously, would a baby ever leave a hospital with an unconnected navel?
What can actually be done legally in this specific situation to find out who my true biological parents are? It feels like the institutions are just turning a deaf ear to my questions—or perhaps the lab simply swapped our samples (mine and my legal father's). The situation is such that they look me right in the eye and lie to me... what am I supposed to do? This is, quite frankly, the theft of my identity from the moment of my birth. I have no intention of going around visiting hospitals, because I can't even be certain I was born in one to begin with.
Look, it’s quite simple—I want to drive across the border to a lab in Vermont, drop off the samples myself, and be back home in Chicago before I know it... I don't see what the big deal is... Sure, it might be less of a headache to just send everything via FedEx, but I prefer being hands-on! And besides, I can't exactly hop on a train to get where I'm going because the rail lines heading toward the border are completely shut down right now...
Kate Jones said:Look, lady—and I’m not even going to bother quoting your entire post because we both know where this is going—I have a DNA paternity test for my daughter where the probability was 98.9%, so I actually know what I'm talking about here. I don't need a maternity test to prove anything because I am 100% certain she came from me 😛 but he (the biological father) did a test where he just mailed a saliva sample off to a lab in Canada via USPS. It wasn't some high-end clinical lab, just a standard one, and it cost about $250—check your email, they should have sent you the details. If it’s truly that vital for you to repeat the process, I can ask him exactly where he sent it; honestly, I have the paperwork right here and the lab info should be printed on it. I mean, don't just throw your money away for nothing. I'll send you a DM if you want the info.
Are you being serious right now? You're telling me it's only $250... I was actually considering driving all the way down there myself, but I checked the Amtrak schedules a few days ago and there aren't any good routes... looks like either I was the first one to waste money on this, or someone else has been throwing cash out the window too...
Look, there are actual pre-calculated tables for this stuff—prepared by professionals who deal with this all day long... can I just find those somewhere online? How do I actually get my hands on them?
So, regarding your question about whether the formula for the second locus, D21S11, is identical—well, not necessarily! It all hinges on which specific allele combinations you're looking at. (There’s a table for that too, obviously)... but are these tables even available on the web?
It feels incredibly frustrating to receive these PI index analysis results and then be completely shut out from the actual calculation methodology. I mean, it’s ridiculous—I’m essentially being forced to just take this percentage at face value without any way to understand the math behind it or replicate the lab's own results myself.
And one last thing—if you don't mind answering—I have one more question down below... please forgive me for badgering you with all these questions, but you're honestly the only person who has been able to give me a straight answer to what I'm actually asking.
An allele is simply an alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome (that's my own translation from English).
Given that fact, would the child's position at a locus like D8S1179 being 10, 13 be considered identical to the position 13, 10 at D8S1179?
The formula specifically for that STR locus D8S1179 is PI=1/2a—where "a" represents the frequency of that specific allele within the particular population you are analyzing.
Now, how exactly does one arrive at that value for "a"—the allele frequency? Could you perhaps demonstrate the principle using some sort of hypothetical example?
And furthermore, is the formula for the second locus, D21S11, identical to the one I just mentioned?
So, essentially, you look at the mandatory allele—you don't just go in assuming the first one belongs to the mother. For instance, if you assume the mother is AA and the child is AB, then that B allele absolutely must have come from the biological father.
Okay, I follow that. What’s actually tripping me up—and this is where it gets messy—is that I was reading a presentation online which suggested that if a mother is AB (let's say 10, 15) and the father is CD (say 14, 16), they could produce four possible offspring combinations: AD, AC, BC, and BD—specifically (10,14), (10,16), (15,14), and (15,16). This seems to imply that the first allele always comes from the mother... and according to the logic in that presentation, a combination like CB (14,15) would be impossible because it isn't listed among those four possibilities! So, is BC (15,14) and CB (14,15) actually the exact same thing? In the case of BC, 15 is from the mother and 14 is from the father, but in the case of CB, 14 is from the father and 15 is from the mother. Based on that sentence in the online presentation, CB isn't listed as one of the four possible outcomes, and it's driving me crazy—it's just the swapping of numbers that is making my head spin... and this text below as well...
Given that fact, is the child's position at a locus like D8S1179 being 10, 13 identical to the position 13,10? I am struggling with this idea of a "specific position" on a chromosome—does 10,13 mean the same thing as 13,10 in that context? Do those numbers 10,13 represent that specific location? I don't know if I've explained what's bothering me clearly enough, since I'm certainly not a medical professional and I can't really provide a visual representation.
Genetic recombination usually results in a partial recombination, or creation of combinations OFF alleles in chromosomes not present in either parent. Could this be interpreted, if it occurred during DNA analysis, to mean that neither of the tested parents—neither the mother nor the father—are actually the biological parents of the individual?
If you are able to explain, perhaps with an example, what would actually constitute crossing-over? I was reading some texts in English and I'm not quite sure how we refer to it here in the States.
An allele is an alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome (that's my own translation from the English).
Considering that fact, is the child's position at a locus such as D8S1179 being 10, 13 identical to the position 13,10? I'm hung up on this phrase "specific position on the chromosome"—does 10,13 mean the same thing as 13,10 in that sense? Assuming I've framed the question correctly, that is.
Regardless, thank you so much for this answer you wrote.
Is there any actual body where I can file a complaint against a primary care physician, and ensure that such a complaint actually carries weight, meaning an actual investigative process is triggered? For years, I’ve had grievances regarding my GP's performance, but since I wasn't a regular visitor, I chose to look the other way. Unfortunately, lately, I’ve needed more frequent referrals, and it has become frankly exhausting having to constantly wait around just for her to show up at her desk. Today, for instance, she was running late by more than an hour, and it is truly pathetic that this isn't even the worst part. She knows better than this. Furthermore, her breaks don't just last thirty minutes—as strictly mandated and clearly posted on the door—but rather, the lady conveniently extends them every single time. And don't even get me started on those private phone calls. For context, we are talking about a doctor at the local Community Health Center. Anyone who frequents that clinic probably knows exactly who I am talking about.
Alright, let me go through your points one by one—you're asking if you can report someone to trigger an investigation, while simultaneously admitting you aren't even sure if it would be worthwhile... or perhaps you just haven't figured out how to list all her failures in a way that sounds sufficiently "serious" enough to matter?
This constant whining about waiting, and the claim that she was over an hour late today—for me, that sounds incredibly hyperbolic—meaning it happens every single day, when really, you're only talking about one specific day... are you sitting there every morning just to clock when she walks into work?
And so, during all this waiting within your scheduled appointments, you’ve somehow deduced by staring at your watch that she was an hour and five minutes late on Monday, and maybe two hours late on Friday?
Fine, the break. A doctor might not even leave the office during a break, and you have no way of knowing if she was performing other patient-related tasks during that time... yet you’ve reached the definitive conclusion that she’s taking long breaks... sure, okay.
Now, regarding the private phone calls—to reach the conclusion that she is frequently handling personal calls during work hours, you would practically need to be caught sitting in her office across from her desk quite often, having the sheer luck to witness a personal call hitting her phone right at that moment. It could happen once by chance, but since you say you "won't even mention" the phone calls, you're creating the impression they are constant—and to claim that, you’d essentially have to spend a ridiculous amount of time sitting in her exam room hoping to catch her mid-call...
"Yeah, the system isn't perfect, but the system isn't to blame if someone simply fails to show up to work on time. Well, it *is* to blame, but only because it's too lax. Sorry, but I find it unacceptable that in a country like ours, where hundreds of thousands are unemployed, someone is constantly exploiting the patience of patients."
Or perhaps you're just some young, unemployed doctor looking for a job, eyeing this woman's position, which is why you feel the need for an investigative commission to file a "meaningful" report based on the little undercover investigation you've conducted into her working hours?
Your advice about switching doctors is honestly the best thing I've heard—if you feel like your physician just isn't meeting the mark, especially when it comes to basic professional discipline, and you still refuse to walk away, then I truly don't know what to tell you...
"What are you even complaining about? You're alive. There are people out there who have passed away because of medical malpractice or sheer negligence. Who are they going to complain to? Just be glad you're still breathing." See what I mean?
Look, if you genuinely feel that your health is being put at risk due to a doctor's casual attitude and lack of discipline—which, let's be clear, is an absolute fact in your case—what on earth is keeping you tethered to a doctor like that?...you know?
I'm not trying to derail the thread, but I find what you're whining about "hilarious"—and I use that term loosely—because doctors rarely face consequences for much larger blunders. Just think about the Cock scandal, or remember those women who stood up against the treatment they received in maternity wards and finally decided to speak out. Or take that surgeon—I can't recall the name right now—who was featured in a news article after he spent a weekend at a vacation home with a young woman, under the influence of alcohol and drugs, firing a shotgun into the air. Seriously, just do a quick Google search to see how many lawsuits are filed against physicians; the numbers are constantly climbing...
Look, I’m not mocking your diagnoses, nor am I attacking you personally—I’m questioning the very basis of your grievance here. The woman in question could have been tied up with another patient or something actually vital... besides, you’re essentially complaining about her poor respect for your schedule, whereas if I were considering suing a doctor, I’d already know the uphill battle ahead. I know for a fact you won't find a court-appointed expert who will give an honest assessment instead of just talking trash—because even my own lawyer told me that an expert is never going to confirm something that "shouldn't" have happened in the first place. So, from the jump, I think what you're whining about is a minor issue, but hey, go ahead and try to file a complaint with whoever you want; they might not laugh at you to your face, but they'll certainly be chuckling behind your back,
.. compared to the nightmare of having actual, physical evidence—like when you show a doctor clear imaging results and they tell you it's nothing—who on earth am I supposed to complain to then?
...but seriously, tell me, who exactly are you planning to report this to? I'd love to join you in that little outing... and what am I supposed to complain about when a doctor hands me a diagnosis but refuses to prescribe the medication needed to treat it? Who do I take *that* complaint to?
Do you see the massive difference—assuming your psyche allows you to grasp such nuance—between saying, "I'm annoyed because she wasn't at her desk or she took too long on her break," and wanting to sue doctors when, despite having proof, I can't prove a damn thing because the medical expert isn't working for the patient, but is instead fiercely loyal to their fellow physicians... that's why your complaint struck me as ridiculous. When you try to sue them for major malpractice, you won't achieve much, let alone try to lodge a formal grievance just because someone isn't sticking to a strict timetable. I'm not defending her entirely, but you clearly aren't grasping how much worse things can get...
Look, how this doctor chooses to manage her schedule is certainly one part of the issue—and yeah, it can be incredibly frustrating for a patient—but you haven't actually cited any medical incompetence here. You haven't said she botched a diagnosis or did anything medically egregious, which is what really matters.
...honestly, I’d be thrilled just to find an honest doctor who actually takes the time to answer my questions and prescribes exactly what I need... if that meant dealing with a long lunch break or waiting a bit longer, I wouldn't give it a second thought.
...your real issue isn't the medicine; it's that you lack the patience to sit in a clinic waiting room. Did this doctor actually jeopardize your health by making you wait? Because let me tell you, there are far worse things patients endure—things doctors try to sweep under the rug—than a scheduling delay. Her attitude toward people's time might be annoying, but it's hardly enough ground to lodge a formal complaint when there are actual malpractice issues out there that are nearly impossible to prove in court... so go ahead then, tell me—who exactly are you planning to complain to about a wait time?
Listen, what you’re talking about is honestly laughable... I mean, she isn't even at the clinic right now... but imagine if you actually had a problem involving an unauthorized procedure performed on your body without your knowledge or consent—and then you couldn't find a single decent forensic expert who would actually admit the truth and put it in a court report. You wouldn't even have anyone to complain to!
...And don't even get me started on what happens if they discover some XY condition where treatments definitely exist, but they just refuse to prescribe them. Or when you have to act like a complete nuisance to your primary care doctor just to get a referral for basic parasitology tests, all while they insist—with total confidence, mind you—that you don't have any parasites. Then, once you finally come back with a positive lab result, suddenly they won't give you the medication! Or when you suspect someone is tampering with egg cells but you can't prove it because the forensic experts refuse to go against their own colleagues... it's obvious how the system works. So, really, what you're dealing with regarding your doctor is just ridiculous to me... just find a different one...
I am not suggesting it is possible to rig the test—what, by bribing lab technicians or something?—nor am I even attempting that! My goal is simply to understand every single granular detail, including the specific methodology used to calculate the PI (paternity index). That is precisely what they are refusing to let me see—they won't provide an actual example of the calculation itself. Sure, you can find formulas online, but when I run the numbers myself using those formulas, they absolutely do not align with the results printed on my report.
I don't quite grasp what you mean by your question regarding "technical" discrepancies? Honestly, I have no idea if you have ever actually held a DNA maternity or paternity analysis result in your hands before. If you aren't from a medical background, it’s going to be difficult for you to wrap your head around this—and believe me, I have been digging through the internet trying to make sense of it all, but I haven't quite mastered everything yet, so I can only offer so much.
Furthermore, I am not asking about my own child—I don't have children—but rather due to certain circumstances I'm not prepared to disclose right now. I went for a DNA analysis alongside my legal parents, which confirmed paternity; however, I was never issued a maternity result showing that 99.9% certainty... and mind you, I requested and paid for both maternity and paternity testing!
Another matter that has genuinely rubbed me the wrong way is that on the very day they told me the results were ready for pickup, they issued me yet another invoice—this one featuring a completely different transaction ID and security code compared to the original report, which had already been paid in full on the day the samples were collected. It felt as though my credit card had been swiped twice: once during sample collection, and again just before I picked up the results.
When I confronted them, they claimed that's just how they operate—that they "void" a down payment, even though it wasn't even a down payment in any real sense because the service was paid for upfront in its entirety! They implied that for a full, court-admissible report, there would need to be additional fees, but I haven't even reached that stage yet. And frankly, why should I even bother asking for a seal verifying a forensic expert's signature when they won't even give me the basic information I'm looking for?
It strikes me as utterly illogical for a business to issue two separate invoices for one single service, complete with two different transaction IDs and two different security codes. What kind of company would intentionally void its own revenue? It makes zero sense. Consequently, I'm starting to suspect that someone else might have had their fingers in the cookie jar here—perhaps one of my parents—and I am even beginning to doubt whether the report I received is anything more than a surface-level version designed to keep me quiet while the "real" report is handed to someone else—clearly not for my eyes. At this rate, I will likely have to repeat the entire process anonymously in another country.
So, I am requesting that if anyone here possesses medical expertise—an area where my opinion is currently quite low—you please address the questions I have laid out above.
Since nobody seems to have responded yet, I am going to rephrase my question—again.
In DNA paternity and maternity testing, if the mother is AB and the father is CD, they could theoretically produce four different offspring combinations by taking one allele from each parent—specifically AC, AD, BD, or BC, right?
Does this imply that the first allele at a specific locus will always originate from the mother, while the second comes from the father?
For example:
Mother Father Child AB CD AC 10,11 13,15 10,13
Now, suppose the position at the D8S1179 locus is, say, 13, 10. That would mean the 13 comes from the father and the 10 from the mother—which doesn't fit the four possible combinations listed above! It would look like a CA combination, and frankly, after scouring the internet, I haven't found any mention of a "CA" variant among standard offspring combinations.
Furthermore—and I'm not entirely sure if this matters—does the child's sex play any role here? For instance, would girls always have combinations where the first allele is maternal and the second is paternal, or is there no connection between gender and these genetic markers whatsoever?
When looking at an analysis involving 15 loci, roughly how many loci would typically show the father's allele in the first position? I've noticed in several online reports that, more often than not, the majority of loci start with the mother's allele.
To illustrate—I saw one online report where out of 10 analyzed loci, only two actually started with the father's allele.
I am assuming that in a case like the CA combination, we are talking about Genetic recombination.
That is how I read it in an English-language source.
Genetic recombination usually results in a partial recombination, or creation of combinations OFF alleles in chromosomes not present in either parent. Could this be interpreted in a DNA test as evidence that neither the mother nor the father is actually the biological parent?
An allele is simply an alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome (my own translation of the term). Given that fact, is the position 10, 13 at the D8S1179 locus functionally identical to the position 13, 10?
When we look at parental DNA testing for maternity and paternity—say if the mother is AB and the father is CD—is it true they could produce four different offspring combinations by taking one allele from the mother and one from the father: AC, AD, BD, and BC?
Does this imply the first allele at the locus will always belong to the mother and the second to the father?
For example:
Mother Father Child AB CD AC 10,11 13,15 10,13
An allele is simply an alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.
Based on that definition (which, frankly, is just a translation from English)—would the child's combination of 10,13 be considered identical to 13,10? In other words, are the alleles 10,13 and 13,10 actually the exact same thing? Is the position 10,13 effectively the same as position 13,10?....
I’m not entirely sure if I’ve phrased this perfectly—I really hope someone can make sense of what I'm getting at here...
So, here’s the deal—you really ought to head over to the Infectious Disease Clinic—you know, the main one near the city center—located at 8 Mirogojska Road. If you’re taking public transit, just hop on the number 14 streetcar; it’ll get you right where you need to be. Once you pull up and step into the courtyard, keep an eye out for the building numbers posted on the directory boards—you're looking for the Parasitology Department, which, if my memory serves me correctly, is housed in Building 16. Though, honestly, I can't be one hundred percent certain about that part...
I’m honestly not even sure if this belongs in this specific thread—my apologies if I’m barking up the wrong tree here—but I’ve been chewing on a question regarding medical searches abroad. Does anyone actually have a handle on how that process works? I’m a bit in the dark regarding what role the Social Security Administration plays in all of this, but fundamentally speaking, is it possible to just head overseas, get whatever treatment or consultation you need, and walk away without any expectation of reimbursement or involvement from the SSA?
Could these serology results point toward toxoplasmosis, some other kind of parasite, or am I looking at something significantly more serious? My blood work shows elevated leukocyte counts—specifically neutrophilia—with values that are just slightly above the normal range.
No... we were never truly on the same page... There was simply never an opening for anything to actually happen... Our connection just snapped, abruptly and likely for good...
Honestly, you aren't saying nearly enough about how sudden that break actually was—maybe if you actually sat down and unpacked why everything imploded so fast, it would ground you. It might help you finally face reality and let go of whatever fantasy you're clinging to... A real story needs a beginning, a middle, a climax, a resolution, and a definitive end... But looking at what you wrote, it sounds to me like you're still desperately holding onto a shred of hope...
Oh, what a brilliant idea... maybe I’ll show up... maybe I’ll even call my psychiatrist to tag along—just so she can confirm whether she also suffers from a phobia of seeing strange faces and pure madness
...otherwise, you have those three innate fears—you know, the unlearned ones—fear of falling (I assume), fear of loud noises, and fear of unfamiliar faces... so for anyone actually struggling with social anxiety, this whole thing is basically just a toddler having a meltdown
Benjamin King2 said:Come on, just write out the formula from those other six columns—I’m not quite following how you’re generating that 8-digit number or where exactly the data is being pulled from.
The data in the first six columns (separated by commas here):
1,2,3,4,5,6 10,11,12,13,14,15,
It’s using a LEFT join to merge them into a single index like 123456 or 101112131415—and since the index isn't always a single digit, that 8-digit figure can actually swing anywhere from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 12 digits, though I suppose that isn't strictly relevant... LEFT(A2,2)&LEFT(B2,2)&LEFT(C2,2)&LEFT(D2,2)&LEFT(E2,2)&LEFT(F2,2)...and then you just drag that formula all the way to the end.
Now, MATCH is a pretty lightweight function—certainly more so than something like a VLOOKUP—so it might even be worth pairing it with an INDEX function to speed up the search process. Go ahead and provide the exact formula being used there.
Fine, here is the specific formula: MATCH(J2,(Data_Sheet)!$J$2:$J$449999,0)...which basically means I want the index from cell J2 to find a match within a massive range on another sheet, stretching from row 2 all the way down to 449,999...it works, sure, but updating this thing takes a literal eternity...by "Data_Sheet" I mean the name of the second document, and note that I'm using square brackets there, not my standard parentheses.
As for that #N/A error, it tends to pop up when you use quotation marks for the lookup value in a MATCH syntax while searching for a numeric value. Take a close look at the formula—if you are looking for a number, the lookup value shouldn't be wrapped in quotes; those are strictly for text strings.
....I am not using quotation marks anywhere in the formula.
Match(4295;... vs Match("Peter";...
We really need to pinpoint where the bottleneck is occurring—perhaps we should break the calculation down into steps to identify exactly where the lag happens whenever the input data changes.
...the primary data in those first six columns remains constant.