Benjamin Taylor6 said:So, why was Christ born in the first place? It seems he was brought into this world specifically to be sacrificed. And why the sacrifice? Well, to pay the debt for our sins through his own suffering. We look back at Adam and Eve—they stumbled, and now we’re all just living out the consequences of that original sin they passed down to us. Honestly, it’s a pretty bizarre doctrine when you really sit down and chew on it! The idea that Jesus has to descend into this world just to endure agony and die... it’s intense. He pays this cosmic ransom to pull humanity away from eternal death—essentially buying back our souls from our mistakes. But then you have to ask: who exactly is receiving this ransom? I suppose it would be His Father in heaven. Now, what does "ransom" even mean in a practical sense? If someone were kidnapped in downtown Chicago, for instance, a ransom is the cash or value handed over to the kidnappers to get the child back safely. In our theological scenario, the "children" are the children of God, but the currency isn't dollars or gold. The ransom is nothing less than a life. Specifically, it's the life of Jesus Christ. He offers His very existence to His Father to pull people out of their sin. It feels like this strange celestial contract: the Father and the Son strike a deal where the best path forward involves someone paying with their life—and that someone happens to be the Son himself. And the Father accepts the life of His own Son as payment. Why on earth would He need such a bloody, painful ransom? What’s the point? Look, God created humanity, and humans turned their backs on Him. But God loves every single individual so deeply that He doesn't want us to suffer. He wants us saved. So, the Son of God has to be born into this valley of tears and die for mankind. This whole concept of self-sacrifice is utterly disorienting. You could almost mistake God the Father for some ancient pagan deity to whom people offer blood sacrifices—like a parent offering their own child! God offering His Son to Himself?! To me, it’s a complete paradox. It's one of those mysteries of faith that sits atop all other mysteries. When I’ve spoken with Muslim believers, they find this whole thing completely nonsensical. Even some smaller Christian denominations tend to agree. Personally, I’ve never gone head-to-head with priests over this specific issue—mostly because whenever something defies all logic, they just fall back on that famous line: "it's a mystery of faith."
It is a bit strange, though, how Indian philosophy offers such an elegant explanation for the function of atonement—what Christ achieved through His suffering on the Cross. Over in India, they have this concept of karma to explain why people suffer for their transgressions. It's basically the law of action and reaction—the same stuff we study in physics—but applied to how a human interacts with the universe. If you cause pain to your neighbor, that pain eventually finds its way back to you. Humans are inherently flawed, and because of those flaws, they face punishment in hell or purgatory. However, Indian philosophy suggests that a person can actually bypass that punishment if someone else suffers in their stead. Of course, you won't find any sage willing to jump into the fire just so a sinner can stay wicked. The sinner has to actually recognize their fault and truly repent. Only then does the mechanism of atonement kick in—which, in this context, is the suffering endured by Jesus Christ. The Son of God is the one who loves His followers immensely. His followers are essentially anyone who embraces His teachings—all Christians who believe in Christ. Based on that faith, combined with sincere repentance, the sinner enters a community where they aren't held accountable for their past misdeeds. They won't face the "karmic" penalty because their teacher—in this case, Christ—suffered in their place.
God is absolutely good, I believe, but we humans aren't absolutely good—because if we were, I guess we would be gods, and we certainly aren't. We can only ever be relatively good, participating in absolute goodness through our connection with God. I've wondered before, why couldn't an absolutely good God simply create an absolutely good creation or world? I touched on this briefly when discussing God and Hitler—if something is considered absolutely good by comparison, then there must be something else that is slightly less good, or perhaps even evil, to provide that scale. People choose to distance themselves from God, and in doing so, they lean toward more evil. Yet, God is merciful, and I don't think He allows those who truly want to be close to Him to suffer just because they have to function within human society. Humans are social creatures, whether we like it or not, and if the majority chooses to walk away from God, individuals might have to go along with the crowd just to survive. We saw something similar back during the era of communist rule in the US, perhaps in certain radical movements. So, I suppose God sends His Son so that those chosen individuals—those He 'sets apart from the world'—can stay closer to Him through His Son, allowing them to participate more fully in absolute goodness than the rest of the world. That's how I make sense of it, anyway. The sacrifice is necessary so those specific individuals can be redeemed from a society that doesn't care about absolute good, but only seeks relative, material gain. Otherwise, the rest of humanity might rightly ask, "Why are these people better than us just because they pursue absolute good? They did the same things we did; they just felt bad about it afterward, while we didn't."
And what happens to those who valued relative goods over absolute ones? Well, nothing, I suppose. They will simply vanish along with the goods they desired, much like any other temporary thing. I don't think they will be punished, nor will they 'suffer eternally in hell,' because there wouldn't be any real purpose in such torment or punishment. They will just cease to exist, as if they were never here, fading into nothingness, and I doubt those who were saved will feel any sorrow for them. It's often described vividly as a 'lake of fire where teeth gnash,' but really, no one will feel sorry for those gnashing their teeth, any more than one would feel sorry for firewood being burned. They essentially chose to lower themselves below the level of human dignity, and in doing so, they lost their life.
That is roughly how I understand these biblical messages.
It is a bit peculiar that Indian philosophy offers such an elegant explanation for the function of atonement, which is what Christ accomplished through His suffering on the cross. In India, they have the concept of karma to explain why someone must suffer for their sins. It's a law of action and reaction... In this view, a person won't have to answer for their sins because they repented. Therefore, they won't face the consequences of karma, because their teacher—in this case, Christ—suffered in their stead.
I suppose I don't think the law of karma really has anything to do with Christian redemption. It seems to me that no one is going to be punished with actual torment, unless maybe you look at it as a way to truly cleanse oneself so one can participate in God's glory and goodness. Those who aren't in the 'Book of Life'... well, they might just evaporate, or perhaps they'll be catapulted into some kind of black hole where they can just exist however they see fit, without anyone specifically choosing to 'torture' them. If they get bored with it, I guess they could just pass judgment on themselves and fade away, so the suffering stops.
Under the law of karma, if a person realizes the illusion of this world—if they achieve enlightenment, that is—they automatically clear their negative karma; it just sort of 'unwinds,' and they are free. There isn't a need for someone else to die for them to make that happen. On the other hand, if someone believed in the possibility of the 'heavenly kingdom' but wasn't quite capable of imagining it themselves, it would be enough for them to simply believe in Christ, who did realize it, and then He could set them free after death. The law of karma feels much more rigid in one sense, because every bit of pain inflicted must be repaid, unless the person reaches enlightenment. But in Christianity, there is 'God's grace,' so not everything has to be paid back; a person doesn't even necessarily have to reach enlightenment, it's enough just to believe that it is possible.