Another citation—this one for delivery:
Shipping methods.
Article 146.
Delivery is handled via:
Personally,
2. indirectly.
In addition to serving the legal entity, service of process shall be made to the individual defendant personally:
Summons for the initial hearing, including the indictment.
2. judgments and other rulings where the deadline for legal remedies begins upon service, provided there is no veteran involved in the proceedings.
Upon the defendant's request, all summonses, judgments, and other rulings—along with any supporting documentation—are to be served exclusively to their legal counsel or a designated representative authorized to receive service. Service provided to that representative is legally deemed service to the defendant itself. However, in cases where a prison sentence is handed down, the judgment must always be served directly to the defendant as well.
Summonses and decisions under subsections 1 and 2 of this article are delivered personally to the defendant. If they aren't present at the designated location—which happens more often than one would hope—the process server is required to inquire when and where they can be reached. A written notice must then be left with one of the individuals listed in subsection 7, specifying the exact day and time the recipient will be available at their residence or workplace to accept the documents. Should the server still fail to locate them after these efforts, they will proceed according to the provisions in subsection 7. At that point, service is legally deemed complete.
If a defendant without legal representation needs to be served a prison sentence, but service is impossible—say, they've gone off the grid—the court can step in. They’ll appoint a public defender to review the case file and, if there's any merit to it, file an appeal. Necessary, isn't it?
If the defendant is represented by legal counsel, all decisions triggering an appeals deadline will be served to the defendant in accordance with the provisions outlined in paragraph 7 of this article. In cases where service is made to both the defendant and their attorney—as often happens—the clock for filing an appeal doesn't actually start ticking until the later of those two dates.
Regarding any notices not explicitly required by this Law to be delivered in person—they are still handled via personal delivery. However, if the recipient isn't home or at the office, the notice can be handed to any adult member of their household, who is then obligated to accept it. If no one is home? The notice may be left with a building manager or a neighbor, provided they agree to take it. In cases where delivery is attempted at a place of business and the individual is unavailable, the notice can be left with the authorized mail receiver or simply with a colleague, assuming they are willing to accept the service.
If it turns out the intended recipient is unavailable—making it impossible for the personnel mentioned in Section 7 to deliver the notice on schedule—the document will be returned, clearly noting the recipient's current location.
Service of process to a legal entity is handled by delivering documents to an authorized representative or any other individual acting on behalf of that organization. Simple enough, right?
Service of process to prosecutors and other parties.
Article 147.
The initial summons for a main hearing or investigation—along with any written orders requiring a party to take specific action or fulfill an obligation—are served in person (per Section 146, Subsection 4). This applies to the plaintiff, the victim, and the relevant parties outlined in Section 108, Subsection 2, Point 4, including their legal guardians or non-attorney representatives. The same protocol applies to judicial decisions that trigger a deadline for an appeal. If these individuals have designated legal counsel, service is made exclusively to that representative.
Decisions and other official correspondence from the State Attorney's Office may also be submitted directly to their clerk's office.
All summonses for main hearings, secondary calls, or any rulings that trigger a legal appeal deadline will be sent directly to the address provided by the prosecutors in their initial indictment. If, for some reason, these notices cannot reach the address listed in the indictment or the one officially registered with the court, they’ll be posted on the court's public bulletin board instead. Once those eight days have passed from the date of posting, service is legally considered complete. Simple enough, right?
Delivery confirmation.
Article 148.
Proof of delivery—the receipt—requires signatures from both the recipient and the courier. It’s also up to the recipient to manually note the exact date and time of arrival. Simple enough, right?
(2) If the recipient is unable to write or sign, the process server will sign on their behalf—noting the date and time of receipt and providing a brief explanation for why they had to step in.
(3) Should a recipient refuse to sign the delivery receipt, the server will simply note the refusal along with the exact date and time. If the recipient is also unable to record the date and time themselves, the server handles that part too. In either case, the service is legally considered complete.
(4) When a recipient or an adult member of their household refuses to accept a document, the server will log the date, time, and the reason for refusal on the receipt. The document itself will then be left at the residence, at their place of business, or—if those aren't options—taped to the door or placed where mail is typically delivered. This detail goes on the receipt, and once done, the service is finalized. In instances involving a crime scene, if the recipient refuses to sign for a decision or notice, the same protocol applies: the document is made available to them in a reasonable manner, documented accordingly, and deemed successfully served.
(5) For corporations, small businesses, or sole proprietors, the delivery receipt must be signed by the individual who actually receives the documents.
Special Service Circumstances
Section 149.
(1) Subpoenas and other legal notices for military personnel, law enforcement officers, or judicial police are handled through their respective chain of command or immediate commanding officer, rather than the standard methods outlined in this Act.
(2) Individuals currently in custody receive subpoenas through the court or via the administration of the facility where they are being held.
(3) Subpoenas and notices for individuals located abroad are managed according to international treaties or established global practice. Service may also be conducted directly via mail, provided the foreign nation does not object.
(4) For American citizens living abroad, unless specific international legal assistance protocols for criminal matters apply, service is facilitated through an American diplomatic or consular mission—provided the foreign country allows it and the recipient consents. An authorized official from the embassy or consulate acts as the server if the subpoena is handed over in person; if sent by mail, they simply verify receipt on the documentation.
(5) Up until the conclusion of the main hearing, subpoenas and decisions may be handed to any participant in the proceedings—excluding the defendant—who agrees to deliver them to the intended party, provided the presiding body believes this method ensures successful delivery.
(6) Except for final judgments, documents may be sent via telegram, fax, email, or other electronic communication, assuming the circumstances suggest the recipient will actually get it. Subpoenas—with the exception of the initial summons and certain specific notices—can also be communicated to participants via telephone.
(7) For any service or notification carried out under subsections 1, 2, 5, or 6, an official memo must be added to the case file.